Responses of six Brachiaria spp. accessions to root zone flooding

Caetano, Luana Pabla de; Dias‐Filho, M. B.

doi:10.1590/s1516-35982008000500003

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Em condições de solo alagado a cultivar Marandu produziu a maior massa seca de colmos nos três cortes, seguida pela cultivar Piatã; este resultado diverge dos encontrados por Caetano & Dias-Filho (2008) ao verificar que o alagamento do solo diminuiu o número de perfilhos nas cultivares Marandu, classificando esta cultivar como pouco tolerante ao alagamento (Dias-Filho, 2002). Contudo, Ramos et al (2011) constataram, analisando respostas fisiológicas e metabólicas de gramíneas (Brachiaria brizantha e Paspalum fasciculatum) ao alagamento, que a deficiência de oxigênio causada pelo alagamento induziu as espécies estudadas a um ajustamento metabólico e fisiológico que permitiu, às plantas, sobreviverem nesta condição desfavorável porém, a espécie Paspalum fasciculatum mostrou ser mais adaptada ao alagamento.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha sob diferentes disponibilidades hídricas em Neossolo Flúvico

Kroth

Bonfim-Silva

Silva

et al. 2015

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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R E S U M OPropôs-se, com este trabalho, estabelecer a tolerância ao déficit hídrico e ao alagamento do solo na produção de folhas e colmos de três cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha cultivadas em Neossolo Flúvico. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação cujas unidades experimentais foram vasos plásticos com capacidade de solo de 4,2 dm³. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, com três cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha (Marandu, Piatã e Xaraés) e três disponibilidades hídricas, sendo solo alagado (0 kPa), capacidade de campo (10 kPa, tratamento controle) e déficit hídrico (50 kPa), em 5 repetições. O solo utilizado foi o Neossolo Flúvico. Para avaliação foram realizados três cortes nos quais foram avaliadas massa seca de folhas, massa seca de colmos e relação folha/colmo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e, quando significativos, foi aplicado o teste de Tukey até 0,05 de probabilidade. As cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha (Marandu, Piatã e Xaraés) apresentaram susceptibilidade ao déficit hídrico em que a cultivar Marandu foi a única resistente ao alagamento do solo com desenvolvimento expressivo nos três cortes realizados. Brachiaria brizantha cultivars grown under different water availability in Entisol A B S T R A C TThe objective was to establish the tolerance to drought and flooding in the production of leaves and stems of three B. brizantha cultivars in Fluvisol. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, where the experimental units were plastic pots with capacity of 4.2 dm³. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 3 x 3 with three cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha (Marandu, Piatã and Xaraés) and three water availability, and, waterlogged soil (0 kPa), field capacity (10 kPa, control) and water deficit (50 kPa) with 5 repetitions. The soil used was Entisol. Three cuttings were performed which were evaluated for dry mass of leaves, dry mass of stems and leaf/stem ratio. Data were subjected to analysis of variance by F test, and when significant Tukey test at 0.05 probability was used. The cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha (Marandu, Piata and Xaraés) were susceptible to drought, being the Marandu the only resistant to flooding, with significant development in the three cuttings.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha sob diferentes disponibilidades hídricas em Neossolo Flúvico

Kroth

Bonfim-Silva

Silva

et al. 2015

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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“…Stapf.) pastures in the Northern Brazilian territory, with a complex diagnosis usually related to temporarily fl ooded areas (Auad et al, 2010;Caetano and Dias-Filho, 2008). To expand the genetic diversity with highly productive species and to decrease the susceptibility of Brazilian pastures to upcoming stresses, new grass genotypes have undergone assessment by Brazilian research institutions (Sousa et al, 2011, Pessim et al, 2010, Resende et al, 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forage yield and nutritive value of Panicum maximum genotypes in the Brazilian savannah

Fernandes

Ramos

Jank

et al. 2014

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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The narrow genetic variability of grasslands and the incidence of new biotic and abiotic stresses have motivated the selection of new Panicum maximum genotypes for use as forage for beef cattle in the Brazilian savannah. This study aimed to evaluate forage yield and nutritive value of P. maximum genotypes including 14 accessions (PM30 to PM43), four intraspecifi c hybrids (PM44 to PM47) and six cultivars (Aruana, Massai, Milênio, Mombaça, Tanzania and Vencedor), examining 24 genotypes over two years (2003 and 2004). Milênio cultivar was the genotype with the highest dry matter yield (DMY) in both years (18.4 t ha -1 and 20.9 t ha -1 , respectively) although it presented a high proportion of stems (~ 30 %). Genotypes that showed higher Leaf DMY in both years were the accession PM34 (14.7 t ha -1 ) and the hybrid PM46 (14.0 t ha -1 ), while Mombaça and Tanzania yielded 12.5 and 11.0 t ha -1 , respectively. Leaf organic matter digestibility and leaf DMY for PM40 and PM46 genotypes exceeded the mean (> 656 g kg -1and > 11.7 t ha -1 , respectively). For this reason, PM40 and PM46 can be considered promising P. maximum genotypes for use as forage for grazing systems in the Brazilian savannah. IntroductionThe neotropical savannah known as Cerrado, located in the center of the Brazilian territory, presents 49 million hectares of cultivated pastures (Sano et al., 2007). Even though they are quite well adapted to general environmental conditions, their narrow genetic variability makes these pastures vulnerable to novel biotic and abiotic stresses. Examples of this are the emergent sap-sucking insect well-known as the sugarcane spittlebug (Mahanarva spp.), and a syndrome called 'sudden death' that have reached large areas of Marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha Hochst. ex A. Rich. Stapf.) pastures in the Northern Brazilian territory, with a complex diagnosis usually related to temporarily fl ooded areas (Auad et al., 2010;Caetano and Dias-Filho, 2008). To expand the genetic diversity with highly productive species and to decrease the susceptibility of Brazilian pastures to upcoming stresses, new grass genotypes have undergone assessment by Brazilian research institutions (Sousa et al., 2011, Pessim et al., 2010, Resende et al., 2004.As an alternative to Brachiaria spp., Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) has been used for more intensive cattle production systems. It is recommended for regions where annual rainfall ranges from 800 to 1800 mm in well-drained soil and it requires medium to high soil fertility (Muir and Jank, 2004). Tanzania and Mombaça are the most planted Guinea grass cultivars in Brazil, both collected in Africa in the 1960s by ORSTOM (Offi ce de la Recherche Scientifi que et Technique d'OutreMer) and selected by EMBRAPA (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation) in the early 1990s. Currently, these two high-sized tufted grass cultivars are responsible for 10 % of the forage seed market in Brazil, but the incidence of the leaf fungus Bipolaris maydis (Nisik. Schoemaker) has reduced their deman...

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“…In a sward in the vegetative stage, morphogenesis can be described by the three basic characteristics: appearance, elongation and the lifespan of leaves. These characteristics are determined genetically, but they can be influenced by environmental factors, such as temperature (Duru & Ducrocq, 2000), light intensity (Van Esbroeck et al, 1989), water availability (Caetano & Dias-Filho, 2008), nutrients (Garcez Neto et al, 2002) and grazing effects (Barbosa et al, 2002;Difante et al, 2009). These factors define the rates and duration of the processes (organogenesis).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphogenic and structural characteristics of guinea grass pastures submitted to three frequencies and two defoliation severities

et al. 2011

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-It was evaluated the morphogenic and structural characteristics of guinea grass under rotational at three grazing intervals and two defoliation intensities. Grazing intervals corresponded to the time needed by the forage canopy to reach 90, 95 or 100% of incident light interception during regrowth and they were evaluated combined to two defoliation severities (post-grazing conditions, 25 and 50 cm of height), being allocated to experimental units according to a complete randomized design, with three replicates and 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. The experiment was conducted from July 2003 to May 2004. For evaluation of morphogenetic and structural characteristics, ten tillers per experimental unit were selected. Morphogenetic and structural characteristics were strongly influenced by seasons of the year inasmuch as leaf elongation rate increased 3.5 fold from winter to summer. In addition to year season effect, there was also an effect of defoliation frequencies on tiller population density, which was greater in the defoliation period corresponding to 90% of light interception, especially if evaluated in relation to the interval corresponding to 100% of light interception. Defoliation frequency is determinant in expression of phenotypic plasticit, acting on the control of stem elongation.Key Words: canopy height, grazing management, light interception, Panicum maximumCaracterísticas morfogênicas e estruturais de pastos de capim-tanzânia submetidos a três frequências e duas severidades de desfolhação RESUMO -Foram avaliadas as características morfogênicas e estruturais do capim-tanzânia sob lotação rotativa em três intervalos de pastejo e duas severidades de desfolhação. Os intervalos de pastejo corresponderam aos tempos necessários para que o dossel forrageiro atingisse 90, 95 ou 100% de interceptação da luz incidente, durante a rebrotação e foram avaliados em combinação a duas severidades de desfolhação (condições pós-pastejo, 25 e 50 cm de altura), sendo alocados às unidades experimentais segundo um delineamento de blocos completos casualizados, com três repetições e arranjo fatorial 3 × 2. O experimento foi realizado de julho de 2003 a maio de 2004. Para avaliação das características morfogênicas e estruturais, foram selecionados dez perfilhos por unidade experimental. As características morfogênicas e estruturais foram fortemente influenciadas pelas épocas do ano, uma vez que a taxa de alongamento de folhas aumentou 3,5 vezes do inverno para o verão. Além do efeito da época do ano, também houve efeito das frequências de desfolhação sobre a densidade populacional de perfilhos, que foi maior no intervalo de desfolhação correspondente a 90% da interceptação luminosa, principalmente se avaliado em relação ao intervalo correspondente a 100% da interceptação luminosa. A frequência de desfolhação é determinante na expressão da plasticidade fenotípica, principalmente por influenciar na densidade populacional de perfilhos, atuando no controle do alongamento dos colmos.Palavras-chave: altura do dossel, intercep...

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Responses of six Brachiaria spp. accessions to root zone flooding

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha sob diferentes disponibilidades hídricas em Neossolo Flúvico

Cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha sob diferentes disponibilidades hídricas em Neossolo Flúvico

Forage yield and nutritive value of Panicum maximum genotypes in the Brazilian savannah

Morphogenic and structural characteristics of guinea grass pastures submitted to three frequencies and two defoliation severities

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