Produção de carne de bovinos contemporâneos, machos e fêmeas, terminados em confinamento

Abstract

CEP :15025-990 São José do Rio Preto -SP.RESUMO -Avaliaram-se os desempenhos produtivo e econômico de bovinos de corte submetidos a dietas para terminação em confinamento. Foram utilizados 28 bovinos jovens da raça Santa Gertrudis, 14 machos não-castrados e 14 fêmeas, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em baias individuais. A alimentação foi fornecida de acordo com as exigências para ganho de peso em terminação. As variáveis estudadas foram afetadas pelo sexo. O ganho de peso médio diário foi de 1,80 e 1,22 kg/animal/dia; a conversão alimentar, de 5,61 e 7,18 kg MS/kg de ganho de peso; o rendimento de carcaça, de 55,61 e 52,75%; e a ingestão de MS, de 10,08 e 8,87 kg MS/dia, respectivamente, para machos e fêmeas. A avaliação das carcaças indicou melhor rendimento para os machos, mas as fêmeas foram superiores quanto à porcentagem de traseiro especial e de seus principais cortes comerciais. Na avaliação econômica, o custo com alimentação para produzir uma arroba de carcaça foi de R$ 33,95 para os machos e R$ 37,02 para as fêmeas.Palavras-chave: composição da carcaça, concentrado, ganho de peso, garrotes, novilhas Meat production in feedlot Santa Gertrudis young bulls and heifers fed finishing dietsABSTRACT -Economic and animal performance of feedlot beef young bulls and heifers fed finishing diets were evaluated in this trial. Twenty-eight Santa Gertrudis bovines (14 young bulls and 14 heifers) were assigned to a completely randomized design and maintained in individual pens. Diets were formulated to fulfill the weight gain requirements of finishing animals. The measured variables were affected by sex. Daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion, carcass yield, and dry matter (DM) intake were: 1.80 and 1.22 kg/day, 5.61 and 7.18 kg DM/kg DWG, 55.61 and 52.75%, and 10.08 and 8.87 kg/day, respectively, for young bulls and heifers. Males had greater carcass yield but females showed higher proportion of beef round as well as the main commercial cuts. According to an economic analysis, the cost to produce 15 kg of carcass was R$33.95 for young bulls and R$37.02 for heifers.Key Words: carcass composition, concentrate, heifers, weight gain, young bulls IntroduçãoUma das grandes preocupações da pesquisa é a busca por alternativas de manejo nas diferentes categorias de bovinos de corte que permitam maior desfrute do rebanho, além de maior produção de carne, com o objetivo de aumentar o rendimento econômico do produtor e a produtividade e qualidade da carne.A utilização do confinamento é relacionada mais diretamente à produção de animais para abate na entressafra e à possibilidade de obter melhores preços. Conjuntamente, esse sistema proporciona efeitos secundários que beneficiam o sistema de produção como um todo: liberação das pastagens para outras categorias, uso de forragem excedente de verão e outros (Wedekin et al., 1994). Segundo Cardoso (1996, os animais a serem confinados, além de sadios, devem possuir estrutura corporal adequada e potencial para ganho de peso. Esses animais são ...

Meat yield of culled cow and steer carcasses

“…These authors observed that females presented higher tenderloin, knuckle, and edible trimming yields, whereas males had higher eye round yield. As to edible trimmings and discarded bone, Coutinho et al (2006) did not find significant difference between males and females, with 10.08 and 10.31% of bone, 3.21 and 4.30% discarded trimmings, and 2.91 and 2.84% of edible trimmings for males and females, respectively. Evaluating non-castrated Nellore, Nellore × Simmental, Simmental, and Simbrasil males, Bianchini et al (2007) found significant differences in cuts prepared from the hindquarter in absolute values, but not when these were expressed relative to cold carcass weight.…”

“…In the present study, total average bone yield was 17.65% (Table 8), not taking into consideration rib bones, as the rib cuts were prepared with bone in. Summing the 1.96% rib bone yield obtained by (Osório et al, 1995;Junqueira et al, 1998;Ledic et al, 2000;Coutinho Filho et al, 2006;Bonilha et al, 2007;Tarouco et al, 2007) found lower percentages of edible cuts, and higher percentages of bone than those that reported the method proposed by Hankins & Howe (1946) (Perotto et al, 2000;Feijó et al, 2001;Vaz & Restle, 2005;Kuss et al, 2005;Canesin et al, 2006). The studies using the direct assessment method for deboning obtained 19.08% average bone yield, whereas those applying the HH method achieved 16.85%, resulting in a 3.23% difference.…”

“…Coutinho Filho et al (2006) found higher forequarter yield in males (38.60%) than in females (35.67%), whereas , analyzing carcass traits of 24-month-old Hereford cows and steers, did not find any difference in forequarter yield, with 36.36 and 36.96%, respectively.…”

“…Junqueira et al (1998) also found higher full rump, rump cap, tenderloin, and striploin yields in females compared to contemporary non-castrated males. Studying carcass traits of males with 7.70 mm fat thickness and females with 7.29 mm fat thickness, Coutinho Filho et al (2006) reported levels slightly higher than 5 to 7 mm, which are the values that prevent trimming losses the most. These authors observed that females presented higher tenderloin, knuckle, and edible trimming yields, whereas males had higher eye round yield.…”

“…Coutinho Filho et al (2006), worked with young (17-monthold) Santa Gertrudis non-castrated males and females from the same herd and also obtained significantly higher sidecut yield in females (50.0%) compared to males (48.1%). On the other hand, did not detect any differences in hindquarter yield when analyzing the carcasses of 24-monthold Hereford cows and steers and obtained values of 48.5 and 48.9%, respectively.…”