Investigation of spodumene-bearing rock as a flux for bone china production

Abstract

The use of a waste from mineral processing, a spodumene-bearing rock, was investigated as a flux for bone china composition, partially replacing feldspar. The effect of lithium oxide in bone china body was favorable for reducing firing temperature. The presence of Li 2 O reacting with other oxides and silicates formed a liquid phase of lower viscosity, which was favorable for densification through viscous flow sintering, and to a higher mechanical strength. It was obtained a large plateau for firing, without deformation on firing (pyroplastic deformation) of parts; which is not an easy task to be achieved in bone china processing. Rheological and casting properties were also investigated. Microstructures of the fired bodies were discussed. They correlated well with the final properties of the parts.

Microstructural and technological investigation of bone China reformulated with nepheline syenite and quartz addition

“…As it was reported by Rado, the earliest study concerning the replacement of Cornish stone by feldspar and a small amount of quartz in bone china bodies was carried out due to the lack of consistency of Cornish stone. The recent studies about finding alternative materials for bone china body include the substitution of fluxing or filler materials, for example, with scraps, spodumene, and nano‐fibers . Mukhopadhyay et al studied the properties of bone china body containing varying amounts (0%‐12%) of fired scrap products of bone china.…”

“…However, the flexural strength values for waste glass‐containing body were nearly half of the values reported for commercial bone china. In another study, Carus and Bragança investigated the rheological and casting behavior of slips and technical properties of fired bone china body having a spodumene‐bearing rock as a flux, partially replacing K‐feldspar. They observed that partial replacement of K‐feldspar lowered firing temperature by about 60°C, and provided comparatively large firing range for the reformulated body.…”

The Effect of Combination of Boric Acid and Lithium Carbonate on Sintering and Microstructure in Single Firing Wall Tile

“…increases the amount and decreases the viscosity of the glassy structure. According to Eplerr [12], the Li2O-SiO2-Al2O3 triple system constitutes approximately 15% Li2O-79% SiO2-8% Al2O3 eutectic below 1000 0 C [13]. It is thought that boric acid is involved in eutectic formation and this effect is effective in reducing the temperature and decreasing the viscosity of the glassy phase.…”

Reformulation of bone china body for the reduction of pyroplastic deformation

“…Only the deformation results are shared without any detailed discussion. [14][15][16] Ran et al 17 examined the filler impacts on the mechanical characteristics of bone china bodies; they do not consider the pyroplastic deformation behavior. On the other hand, extensive research has been carried out on microstructural evolution [18][19][20][21] and the mechanical properties 22,23 of bone china porcelain.…”