The effect of the addition of the fired wall tile's scraps in floor tile body was studied. The fired wall tile's scraps were added to floor tile body according to 1.96-5.66-10.71-17.85 wt. % ratios. The sintering behavior of the floor tile was evaluated by measuring the water absorption, fired shrinkage, dry shrinkage and fired strength. In addition, microstructure and phase analysis were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) and x-ray analysis (XRD). Firing was carried out at 1189 0C for 40 min. in industrial type continuous kiln. It is seen that the addition of 5.66 wt. % of the wall tile's scrap to the floor tile increases the fired strength value. In the XRD analysis, anorthite phase was observed which shows fired strength and chemical resistance.
In granite body, 1-3-5 wt% ZnO was replaced instead of feldspar and fired in an industrial continuous production kiln. Physical properties of the tiles were determined including dried strength, fired strength, water absorption, fired loss, and colorimeter values. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) measurements for distinctive microstructural changes and phases formed were done. The fired strength values of the standard and 3% ZnO added body are 400 kg/cm 2 , 511 kg /cm 2 , respectively. Water absorption and firing shrinkage values are close to each other. In the analysis of the sample with 3% added ZnO with XRD, it was observed that the solubility of quartz was increased, mullite formation was prevented; besides 27.4 wt.% spinel phase and 13.8 wt.% albite formation was observed.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of boric acid and lithium carbonate on microstructure and sintering characteristics of wall tile after firing. Amount of Li2 (CO3) (0.
In this study 2-5-10 wt.% thermal power plant ash was added to the granite body replace feldspar to use environmental waste in the ceramic body and to reduce production costs. Loss on inginitions, fired bending strengths, dry strength, fired shrinkages, water absorbtion and colorimeter degrees were measured. Microstructure was determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (Edx) and x-ray diffractometer (XRD) measurements. After sintering, it was determined that 2 wt.% fly ash can be used in granite body. In sintered body, according to XRD phase analysis, amount of free quartz and mullite decreased and albite formation was observed. While the fired strength value is 399 kg/cm2 in standard body, it is 315 kg/cm2 in 2 wt.% fly ash added body. In the experiment with 2 wt.% ash additive, according to SEM images, the number and volume of large pores increased while small pores decreased. The ability of pressing of the sample with 10wt.% ash additive was negatively affected due to the excess amount of fine ash and so occure lamination and bloating.
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