Microhardness and EBSD microstructure mapping in partially-pressed al and cu through 90º ECAP die

Abstract

Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) is widely recognized as an effective method for processing ultrafine-grained and even nanostructured materials. Important details on processes occurring in the die intersections can be obtained by mapping the microhardness and EBSD microstructures in partiallypressed aluminum and copper through the 90° die of ECAP. Precise measurements were made using grids of partially-pressed Al and Cu and detailed color maps were plotted and compared with EBSD maps. A narrow region along the bisector of two channels reflects altering in microhardness level of the material subjected to simple shear. The microstructural evolution suggests significant refining of the grain structure but there is noticeable inhomogeneity in the microhardness and microstructure for both materials. Factors contributing to the inhomogeneous hardness distribution include the coarse initial grain size, and inhomogeneous deformation across the plane of the die channel intersection due to die wall friction and the formation of a dead zone at the outer corner.

Hardness and Microstructure Homogeneity of Pure Copper and Iron-Chromium Alloy Processed by Severe Plastic Deformation

“…The other techniques of the SPD process are pretty challenging to scale up and use in the industry due to high energy and cost, such as the rolling and extrusion processes [5]. Microhardness measurements have been significant in investigating the homogeneity of ECAP processed material on copper [17][18][19][20] and stainless steel [21][22][23][24][25]. The hardness and microstructure homogeneity can be observed and evaluated on the ECAP billet sectioned with imposed strain on the material [20].…”