Surface analysis of titanium dental implants with different topographies

Abstract

Cylindrical dental implants made of commercially pure titanium were analysed in four different surface finishes: as-machined, Al2O3 blasted with Al2O3 particles, plasma-sprayed with titanium beads and electrolytically coated with hydroxyapatite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) revealed the topography of the surfaces and provided qualitative results of the chemical composition of the different implants. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was used to perform chemical analysis on the surface of the implants while Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSM) produced topographic maps of the analysed surfaces. Optical Profilometry was used to quantitatively characterise the level of roughness of the surfaces. The implant that was plasma-sprayed and the hydroxyapatite coated implant showed the roughest surface, followed by the implant blasted with alumina and the as-machined implant. Some remnant contamination from the processes of blasting, coating and cleaning was detected by XPS

Study of cytotoxic activity of Ti–13Nb–13Zr medical alloy with different surface finishing techniques

“…The Al 2 O 3 blasted specimen spectrum (Fig. 6) showed contamination with aluminum, also identified by SEM, which was associated with the alumina particles from the blasting process [57]. The literature review of the spectroscopic analyses [71][72][73] shows that the surface oxide consists mainly of TiO 2 , which is a stable compound, resistant to chemical attack from most substances.…”

“…Surface treatments are the most important factors that govern the strength of adhesive joints. The high rough surfaces with so-called macrosized topography are proven to stabilize the implant during the initial phase after implementation, providing enough space for new cell proliferation and bone tissue formulation [57][58][59]. The microsized topography is obtained by various surface modifications.…”

Effect of different types of implant coating and surface treatment on implant stability

“…SEM picture showing the surface of the implant: (x 3.000). a) As-machined; b) Al2O3 blasted; c) Plasma-sprayed with titanium; d) Electrolytically coated with hydroxyapatite 12.…”