Teor e rendimento de flavonóides em calêndula (Calendula officinalis L.) cultivada com diferentes lâminas de irrigação

Abstract

Palavras-chave: Calendula officinalis, manejo da irrigação, tanque classe A ABSTRACT: Flavonoid content and yield in marigold plant (Calendula officinalis L.) cultivated under different irrigation depths.Calendula officinalis L. presents ornamental, culinary and therapeutic use. Its inflorescence is used to heal and as an anti-inflammatory. This study analyzed the effect of four different irrigation depths under field conditions on flavonoid production in marigold plant (Calendula officinalis L.). The water depths were estimated based on the class A pan evaporation (CPE): 0, 50, 100 and 150% CPE; they were applied from the beginning of flowering to the end of the culture cycle. There were no statistical differences in flavonoid content. The highest values of flower dry weight and flavonoid yield were obtained with the treatment without irrigation. The highest proline content was found in the plants subjected to overwatering stress. The accumulated water deficit for the treatment without irrigation signalized possible death due to water deficit. As precipitation occurred in the pre-flowering, the plant, originated from Mediterranean, responded with an abundant flowering in mass and number of flowers. Thus, for Presidente Prudente (São Paulo State, Brazil), if there is no water replacement through precipitation, supplementary irrigation with 200 mm will be necessary only in the pre-flowering to induce maximum flowering and maximum flavonoid yield per hectare.

UV and Laser Diode as a Source of Flavonoids Stimulation Production in Marigold Calendula officinalis

“…explant -1 respectively. This result is in agreement with the study by (12) showed that cultivating the branches of Calendula officinalis in MS medium prepared with concentrations of 0.0, 0.1, 1.0 or 3.0 mg /L of h of BA or Kin showed that a concentration of 1.0 mg / L BA gave the highest average number of branches 2.33. shoots.explant -1 .The results of adding phytohormons usually, show the importance of Cytokinins and auxin hormones and their role in cell division, differentiation of cells and the emergence of shoots on the cultured explant on MS media [13].…”

UV and Laser Diode as a Source of Flavonoids Stimulation Production in Marigold Calendula officinalis

“…explant -1 respectively. This result is in agreement with the study by (12) showed that cultivating the branches of Calendula officinalis in MS medium prepared with concentrations of 0.0, 0.1, 1.0 or 3.0 mg /L of h of BA or Kin showed that a concentration of 1.0 mg / L BA gave the highest average number of branches 2.33. shoots.explant -1 .The results of adding phytohormons usually, show the importance of Cytokinins and auxin hormones and their role in cell division, differentiation of cells and the emergence of shoots on the cultured explant on MS media [13].…”

Irrigation and organic fertilization on the production of essential oil and flavonoid in chamomile

“…The irrigation depth of 150% ETo associated with the organic fertilization using poultry manure at the dose of 5 kg m -2 (dose a2) led to the highest content of total flavonoids and yield of total flavonoids per plant. The results of content of total flavonoids were different from those obtained by Bortolo et al (2009) andPacheco et al (2011); according to these studies, the variation of water availability did not interfere with the concentration of this phenolic compound for the calendula crop. Mitchell et al (2007) found that the levels of flavonoids in tomato plants increase in the presence of organic fertilization.…”

Bioactive compounds in edible flowers of garden pansy in response to irrigation and mycorrhizal inoculation

“…Although the irrigation factor promoted a significant difference in total flavonoid content, no clear performance was observed, corroborating with what is described by Gershenzon (1984) on the effect of mineral supply and water deficit on the secondary metabolism of plants. In Bortolo et al (2009) the different irrigation depths applied in the cultivation of Calendula officinalis L. did not alter the total flavonoid contents in the flowers. Already Aleman & Marques (2016), reported positive increases for the total flavonoid content when water depths were applied were applied, replacing 150% of evapotranspiration, associated with organic fertilization, in the production of chamomile flower buds.…”

UV and Laser Diode as a Source of Flavonoids Stimulation Production in Marigold Calendula officinalis

“…explant -1 respectively. This result is in agreement with the study by (12) showed that cultivating the branches of Calendula officinalis in MS medium prepared with concentrations of 0.0, 0.1, 1.0 or 3.0 mg /L of h of BA or Kin showed that a concentration of 1.0 mg / L BA gave the highest average number of branches 2.33. shoots.explant -1 .The results of adding phytohormons usually, show the importance of Cytokinins and auxin hormones and their role in cell division, differentiation of cells and the emergence of shoots on the cultured explant on MS media [13].…”

Irrigation and organic fertilization on the production of essential oil and flavonoid in chamomile

“…The irrigation depth of 150% ETo associated with the organic fertilization using poultry manure at the dose of 5 kg m -2 (dose a2) led to the highest content of total flavonoids and yield of total flavonoids per plant. The results of content of total flavonoids were different from those obtained by Bortolo et al (2009) andPacheco et al (2011); according to these studies, the variation of water availability did not interfere with the concentration of this phenolic compound for the calendula crop. Mitchell et al (2007) found that the levels of flavonoids in tomato plants increase in the presence of organic fertilization.…”

Bioactive compounds in edible flowers of garden pansy in response to irrigation and mycorrhizal inoculation

“…Although the irrigation factor promoted a significant difference in total flavonoid content, no clear performance was observed, corroborating with what is described by Gershenzon (1984) on the effect of mineral supply and water deficit on the secondary metabolism of plants. In Bortolo et al (2009) the different irrigation depths applied in the cultivation of Calendula officinalis L. did not alter the total flavonoid contents in the flowers. Already Aleman & Marques (2016), reported positive increases for the total flavonoid content when water depths were applied were applied, replacing 150% of evapotranspiration, associated with organic fertilization, in the production of chamomile flower buds.…”

UV and Laser Diode as a Source of Flavonoids Stimulation Production in Marigold Calendula officinalis

“…explant -1 respectively. This result is in agreement with the study by (12) showed that cultivating the branches of Calendula officinalis in MS medium prepared with concentrations of 0.0, 0.1, 1.0 or 3.0 mg /L of h of BA or Kin showed that a concentration of 1.0 mg / L BA gave the highest average number of branches 2.33. shoots.explant -1 .The results of adding phytohormons usually, show the importance of Cytokinins and auxin hormones and their role in cell division, differentiation of cells and the emergence of shoots on the cultured explant on MS media [13].…”

Irrigation and organic fertilization on the production of essential oil and flavonoid in chamomile

“…The irrigation depth of 150% ETo associated with the organic fertilization using poultry manure at the dose of 5 kg m -2 (dose a2) led to the highest content of total flavonoids and yield of total flavonoids per plant. The results of content of total flavonoids were different from those obtained by Bortolo et al (2009) andPacheco et al (2011); according to these studies, the variation of water availability did not interfere with the concentration of this phenolic compound for the calendula crop. Mitchell et al (2007) found that the levels of flavonoids in tomato plants increase in the presence of organic fertilization.…”

Bioactive compounds in edible flowers of garden pansy in response to irrigation and mycorrhizal inoculation

“…Although the irrigation factor promoted a significant difference in total flavonoid content, no clear performance was observed, corroborating with what is described by Gershenzon (1984) on the effect of mineral supply and water deficit on the secondary metabolism of plants. In Bortolo et al (2009) the different irrigation depths applied in the cultivation of Calendula officinalis L. did not alter the total flavonoid contents in the flowers. Already Aleman & Marques (2016), reported positive increases for the total flavonoid content when water depths were applied were applied, replacing 150% of evapotranspiration, associated with organic fertilization, in the production of chamomile flower buds.…”