Velocidade de ganho de peso e práticas alimentares no primeiro ano de vida em lactentes de baixo nível socioeconômico

Abstract

ObjetivoAvaliar a velocidade do ganho de peso e sua associação com as práticas alimentares no primeiro ano de vida em crianças de baixo nível socioeconômico. MétodosUtilizaram-se dados de peso e comprimento ao nascer obtidos dos registros hospitalares e as medidas antropométricas aferidas aos 6 e 12 meses para o cálculo do ganho de peso no primeiro e no segundo semestres de vida. Dados das práticas alimentares das crianças foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas com as mães aos 6 e 12 meses de idade das crianças. ResultadosAvaliaram-se 328 crianças: 184 meninos e 144 meninas. As meninas apresentaram maior ganho de peso em relação ao padrão da Organização Mundial de Saúde nos primeiros 6 meses de vida (4.452kg versus 4.079kg, p=0,000). Dos 6 aos 12 meses, o ganho de peso das crianças avaliadas foi significativamente maior em comparação ao padrão da Organização Mundial de Saúde para os dois sexos (1.929kg versus 1.688kg, p=0,000 para os meninos e 1.900kg versus 1.618kg, p=0,001 para as meninas). As crianças do sexo masculino que receberam aleitamento materno exclusivo por período menor que quatro meses apresentaram maior ganho de peso entre 6 e 12 meses de idade em relação àquelas que receberam somente leite materno por período igual ou superior a quatro meses (M=2,077, DP=0,777 versus M=1,814, DP=0,669 p=0,02).

Determinantes da velocidade média de crescimento de crianças até seis meses de vida: um estudo de coorte

“…On the other hand, the intake of cow milk-based porridge was related to lower growth rate (weight and size gain) up to the fourth month. Different results were found in the study by Gonçalves et al 25 with children in the first year, who did not observe an association between the consumption of cow milk with sugar and flour added (porridge) with weight gain up to six months. Cow milk is not recommended in the diet of children under one year due to its high protein content, which is difficult to digest 15,31 and promotes changes in insulin secretion and decreased secretion of growth hormone, predisposing the child to overweight 25 .…”

“…Different results were found in the study by Gonçalves et al 25 with children in the first year, who did not observe an association between the consumption of cow milk with sugar and flour added (porridge) with weight gain up to six months. Cow milk is not recommended in the diet of children under one year due to its high protein content, which is difficult to digest 15,31 and promotes changes in insulin secretion and decreased secretion of growth hormone, predisposing the child to overweight 25 . The early introduction of cow milk alone or combined with other food in child feeding is common and worrying, according to data from a national survey, where 62.4% of children under six months consumed cow milk 32 .…”

“…According to Johnson et al 24 , infants weaning after 6 months show lower growth rate and shorter size. The protective role of EBF against excessive weight gain during the second half of life of the children is also highlighted, as observed by Gonçalves et al 25 . These findings reinforce that it is undisputed that EBF and predominant BF are fundamental for better weight and size gain among infants.…”

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and early development of overweight and growth deficit in children: an analysis of survival

“…The scientific literature highlights the great importance of breastfeeding on infant growth and it is considered a protective factor for the development of nutritional disorders. 21,22 The two DAGs built in the present study point to the role of breastfeeding in the analyzed outcomes. However, after applying the heuristic rules of directional separation, the variable breastfeeding does not compose the minimum set of variables for adjustment.…”