Genetic structure in two northern muriqui populations (Brachyteles hypoxanthus, Primates, Atelidae) as inferred from fecal DNA

Fagundes, Valéria; Paes, Marcela Ferreira; Chaves, Paulo B.; Mendes, Sérgio Lucena; Possamai, Carla de B.; Boubli, Jean P.; Strier, Karen B.

doi:10.1590/s1415-47572008000100028

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Total genomic DNA was extracted using the QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit (Qiagen) following the manufacturer’s protocol. PCR amplification using the species-specific primers Mono1 and Mono2 produced an internal section of 366 bp that bears the first hypervariable segment (HVSI) of mtDNA as previously described [37] . The PCR products were purified with the Wizard SV Gel and PCR Clean-Up System (Promega) and then quantified using 2.0% agarose gels with Low DNA Mass Ladder (Invitrogen).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity and Population History of a Critically Endangered Primate, the Northern Muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus)

et al. 2011

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Social, ecological, and historical processes affect the genetic structure of primate populations, and therefore have key implications for the conservation of endangered species. The northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) is a critically endangered New World monkey and a flagship species for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest hotspot. Yet, like other neotropical primates, little is known about its population history and the genetic structure of remnant populations. We analyzed the mitochondrial DNA control region of 152 northern muriquis, or 17.6% of the 864 northern muriquis from 8 of the 12 known extant populations and found no evidence of phylogeographic partitions or past population shrinkage/expansion. Bayesian and classic analyses show that this finding may be attributed to the joint contribution of female-biased dispersal, demographic stability, and a relatively large historic population size. Past population stability is consistent with a central Atlantic Forest Pleistocene refuge. In addition, the best scenario supported by an Approximate Bayesian Computation analysis, significant fixation indices (ΦST = 0.49, ΦCT = 0.24), and population-specific haplotypes, coupled with the extirpation of intermediate populations, are indicative of a recent geographic structuring of genetic diversity during the Holocene. Genetic diversity is higher in populations living in larger areas (>2,000 hectares), but it is remarkably low in the species overall (θ = 0.018). Three populations occurring in protected reserves and one fragmented population inhabiting private lands harbor 22 out of 23 haplotypes, most of which are population-exclusive, and therefore represent patchy repositories of the species' genetic diversity. We suggest that these populations be treated as discrete units for conservation management purposes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity and Population History of a Critically Endangered Primate, the Northern Muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus)

et al. 2011

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“…A 463‐base‐pair (bp) fragment containing the mtDNAs hypervariable region I (HVI) was amplified via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the primers Mono1 and Mono2 (Fagundes et al, ). We used primers specifically designed for Brachyteles and high initial annealing temperature (see below) to reduce the risk of amplifying nuclear DNA insertions ( numts ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeographic evidence for two species of muriqui (genus Brachyteles)

Chaves

Magnus

Jerusalinsky

et al. 2019

American J Primatol

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The taxonomy of muriquis, the largest extant primates in the New World, is controversial. While some specialists argue for a monotypic genus (Brachyteles arachnoides), others favor a two-species classification, splitting northern muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) from southern muriquis (B. arachnoides). This uncertainty affects how we study the differences between these highly endangered and charismatic primates, as well as the design of more effective conservation programs.To address this issue, between 2003 and 2017 we collected over 230 muriqui fecal samples across the genus' distribution in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, extracted DNA from these samples, and sequenced 423 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. Phylogenetic and species delimitation analyses of our sequence dataset robustly support two reciprocally monophyletic groups corresponding to northern and southern muriquis separated by an average 12.7% genetic distance. The phylogeographic break between these lineages seems to be associated with the Paraíba do Sul River and coincides with the transition between the north and south Atlantic Forest biogeographic zones. Published divergence estimates from whole mitochondrial genomes and nuclear loci date the split between northern and southern muriquis to the Early Pleistocene (ca. 2.0 mya), and our new mtDNA dataset places the coalescence time for each of these two clades near the last interglacial (ca. 120-80 kya). Our results, together with both phenotypic and ecological differences, support recognizing northern and southern muriquis as sister species that should be managed as distinct evolutionarily significant units. Given that only a few thousand muriquis remain in nature, it is imperative that conservation strategies are tailored to protect both species from extinction.

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“…A study of a small number of individuals from 2 isolated populations of the endangered species Brachyteles arachnoides with allozymes showed a level of polymorphism of 34.4% and a mean heterozygosity per locus of 11%, with a highly significant differentiation between localities, suggesting that these remnant populations represented important genetic allele reservoirs [Pope, 1998b]. A more recent study [Fagundes et al, 2008] of 2 populations of the northern Brachyteles population (sp. hypoxanthus ) in the State of Espírito Santo (Brazil), based on 2,160 bp of mtDNA, showed a high overall haplotype and nucleotide diversity albeit low within populations, and a high fixation index, probably resulting from their historical subdivision.…”

Section: Population Genetics Of Selected Neotropical Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Neotropical Primates: Phylogeny, Population Genetics, and Animal Models for Infectious Diseases

Moreira

Bonvicino²,

Soares³

et al. 2010

Cytogenet Genome Res

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The classification of neotropical primates has been controversial, and different arrangements have been proposed based on disparate taxonomic criteria and on the traits selected for elucidating phylogenetic reconstructions, like morphologic characters, nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA. Population studies of some neotropical primates have been useful for assessing their extant genetic variability and for understanding their social structure and dynamics. Finally, neotropical primates have become valuable models for some human infectious deseases, especially for HIV studies related to viral resistance. In this review, we comment on these aspects that make neotropical primates a group of highly valuable species for basic and applied research.

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Genetic structure in two northern muriqui populations (Brachyteles hypoxanthus, Primates, Atelidae) as inferred from fecal DNA

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Genetic Diversity and Population History of a Critically Endangered Primate, the Northern Muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus)

Genetic Diversity and Population History of a Critically Endangered Primate, the Northern Muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus)

Phylogeographic evidence for two species of muriqui (genus Brachyteles)

Genetic Diversity of Neotropical Primates: Phylogeny, Population Genetics, and Animal Models for Infectious Diseases

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