Genetic relationships between Chinese, Japanese, and Brazilian soybean gene pools revealed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers

Abstract

An understanding of the relationship of geographically different soybean gene pools, based on selectively neutral DNA markers would be useful for the selection of divergent parental cultivars for use in breeding. We assessed the relationships of 194 Chinese, 59 Japanese, and 19 Brazilian soybean cultivars (n = 272) using 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Quantification Theory III and clustering analyses showed that the Chinese and Japanese cultivars were genetically quite distant to each other but not independent, while Brazilian cultivars were distantly related to the cultivars from the other two countries and formed a cluster that was distant from the other two gene pool clusters. Our results indicated that the Brazilian soybean gene pool is different from the Chinese and Japanese pool. Exchanges of these gene pools might be useful to increase the genetic variability in soybean breeding.

Genetic divergence of roundup ready (RR) soybean cultivars estimated by phenotypic characteristics and molecular markers

“…The high level of polymorphism detected increases the resolution of the study of genealogy and genetic diversity and reduces the number of markers required to distinguish genotypes. SSR markers have been used to analyze genetic diversity in several species, including maize (Laborda et al, 2005), wheat (Huang et al, 2007) and soybean (Yamanaka et al, 2007;Mulato et al, 2010;Singh et al, 2010).…”

“…The opposite occurred with the Brasmax cultivars (BMX Apolo, BMX Energia, BMX Força, BMX Potência, BMX Impacto and BMX Magna), all of them formed a subgroup within the group V, indicating a close similarity and practically no genetic variability in its germplasm. Cluster analysis using hierarchical methods have been widely used in studies of genetic diversity (Yamanaka et al, 2007;Singh et al, 2010). Wang et al (2010) studying genetic variability in 40 soybean accessions of cultivars, landraces and wild soybeans collected from China found that wild soybeans and landraces possessed greater allelic diversity than cultivars and the UPGMA results also exhibited that wild soybean was of more abundant genetic diversity than cultivars.…”

Construction of a molecular database for soybean cultivar identification in Brazil

“…Several studies have been published revealing genetic diversity and germplasm characterization of soybean by molecular markers, such as RFLP (Keim et al, 1989(Keim et al, , 1992, RAPD (Abdelnoor et al, 1995), AFLP (Bonato et al, 2006a,b), and SSR (Priolli et al, 2002, Yamanaka et al, 2007. None of them gave individual characterization (fingerprinting) of the cultivars.…”

“…In this set of 12 SSR, they found 62 alleles, a mean of five alleles per locus. Yamanaka et al (2007), evaluating 272 soybean cultivars from Brazil, China and Japan, with 12 SSR markers, obtained PIC values from 0.22 to 0.84, with a mean of seven alleles per locus. All these studies used a representative germplasm set with potentially high genetic diversity.…”

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of 12 Genotypes of Glycine max by Using RAPD Marker

“…Different kinds of markers were utilized for surveying hereditary variability of soybean genotypes-agronomic, morphological, biochemical attributes and molecular marker polymorphisms (Nelson, 2001;Giancola et al, 2002;Chowdhury et al, 2002;Ude et al, 2003;Dong et al, 2004;Bonato et al, 2006;Yamanaka et al, 2007;Malik et al, 2009;Goyal et al, 2012). All specified marker groups have constraints, however connected together they can give reliable data about analyzed germplasm (Sudaric et al, 2011).…”