Chromosomes of Bromus auleticus Trin. ex Nees (Poaceae)

Martinello, Gilmar Efrem; Schifino-Wittmann, María Teresa

doi:10.1590/s1415-47572003000300024

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This result is in accordance with previous data reported for the three species (Schifino and Winge 1983, Naranjo 1985, Martinello and Schifino-Wittmann 2003). The genus Bromus originated in Eurasia, whereas the hexaploid species emerged in South America during the Pleistocene, from the subgenus Ceratochloa (Stebbins 1981).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…This taxon is widely distributed around the world (Williams et al 2011), demonstrating the adaptability of its species (Martinello and Schifino-Wittmann 2003). The genus Bromus includes important forage grasses, such as Bromus auleticus Trinius ex Nees, 1829, Bromus brachyanthera Döll, 1878 and Bromus catharticus Vahl, 1791 (Puecher et al 2001, Martinello and Schifino-Wittmann 2003, Iannone et al 2010). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the species are diploid (2n = 2x = 14) or tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) (Martinello and Schifino-Wittmann 2003), but large variation in chromosome number among Bromus species has been found, such as: Bromus cappadocicus Boissier et Balansa, 1857, and B. tomentosus Trinius, 1813, with 2n = 2x = 14; B. erectus Huds., 1762, B. biebersteinii Roemer et Schultes, 1817, and B. stenostachyus Boissier, 1884, with 2n = 4x = 28; B. tomentellus Boissier, 1846, B. variegatus M. Bieberstein, 1819 (Sheidai et al 2008), B. auleticus (Martinello and Schifino-Wittmann 2003), B. bonariensis Parodi et J. H. Camara, 1963, B. brevis Steudel, 1854, B. parodii Covas et Itria, 1968, B. brachyanthera and B. catharticus Vahl, 1791 (Schifino and Winge 1983, Naranjo 1985) with 2n = 6x = 42. Variation in chromosome number has also been found within the same species, such as in Bromus kopetdagensis Drobow, 1925, (2n = 6x = 42 in Tehran and 2n = 10x = 70 in Emamzadeh-Hashem; Sheidai et al 2008) and in Bromus setifolius J. Presl, 1830, (2n = 10x = 70 for ‘Pictus’ and ‘Brevifolius’, and 2n = 4x = 28 for ‘Setifolius’; García et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to current knowledge, the South American species (as B. auleticus , B. brachyanthera and B. catharticus ) have chromosome number of 2n = 6x = 42 (Schifino and Winge 1983, Naranjo 1985, Martinello and Schifino-Wittmann 2003). Nevertheless, it is still necessary to confirm and understand the chromosomal changes among these species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Karyotype characterization and comparison of three hexaploid species of Bromus Linnaeus, 1753 (Poaceae)

Artico¹,

Mazzocato²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2017

CCG

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Chromosome morphometry and nuclear DNA content are useful data for cytotaxonomy and to understand the evolutionary history of different taxa. For the genus Bromus Linnaeus, 1753, distinct ploidy levels have been reported, occurring from diploid to duodecaploid species. The geographic distribution of Bromus species has been correlated with chromosome number and ploidy level. In this study, the aims were to determine the nuclear genome size and characterize the karyotype of the South American Bromus species: Bromus auleticus Trinius ex Nees, 1829, Bromus brachyanthera Döll, 1878 and Bromus catharticus Vahl, 1791. The mean nuclear 2C value ranged from 2C = 12.64 pg for B. catharticus to 2C = 17.92 pg for B. auleticus, meaning a maximum variation of 2C = 5.28 pg, equivalent to 41.70%. Despite this significant difference in 2C value, the three species exhibit the same chromosome number, 2n = 6x = 42, which confirms their hexaploid origin. Corroborating the genome size, the chromosome morphometry (total, short- and long-arm length) and, consequently, the class differed among the karyotypes of the species. Based on the first karyograms for these Bromus species, some morphologically similar and several distinct chromosome pairs were found. Therefore, the karyotype characterization confirmed the hexaploid origin of the studied Bromus species, which differ in relation to the karyogram and the nuclear 2C value. Considering this, cytogenetics and flow cytometry can be used to discriminate Bromus species, contributing to taxonomy and systematic studies and providing information on the evolutionary history of this taxa.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Karyotype characterization and comparison of three hexaploid species of Bromus Linnaeus, 1753 (Poaceae)

Artico¹,

Mazzocato²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2017

CCG

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“…Bromus auleticus Trinius ex Nees is a perennial allogamous C3 grass (Rivas, ). Its chromosome number and ploidy level have been established as 2 n = 6 x = 42 (Martinello & Schifino‐Wittmann, ). It is native to the Campos grasslands of the Rio de la Plata region in South America with a natural distribution that includes southern Brazil, Uruguay and central Argentina (Williams, Stewart, & Williamson, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial analysis of genetic diversity in a comprehensive collection of the native grass Bromus auleticus Trinius (ex Nees) in Uruguay

Condón

Jaurena

Reyno

et al. 2017

Grass and Forage Science

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Bromus auleticus Trinius (ex Nees) is a perennial allogamous C3 grass native to the Campos grasslands. It has potential to play a key role in restoration of both abandoned agricultural and overgrazed lands. We aim to reveal the existence of local adaptation and to assess whether phenotypes could be differentiated in relation to their ecogeographic region of origin. Previous reports estimated significant levels of variability among and within populations, but as yet there is no evidence of local adaptation and phenotypic relations with ecogeographic regions for this species. Indeed, there is a lack of knowledge about the spatial distribution of diversity, which limits the possibilities of using B. auleticus in ecological restoration and plant breeding. A comprehensive collection of 82 accessions of B. auleticus from eight ecogeographic regions within Uruguay was used to characterize diversity by measuring phenologic, morphologic, productive and reproductive traits. We found high diversity among B. auleticus accessions, and the spatial distribution of this diversity follows a pattern accounted by ecogeographic regions to a large extent. Our results also indicate large genotype × environment interaction, confirming local adaptation. Phenotypic values permitted, with a 3.7% error rate, discrimination of accessions according to their ecogeographic region of origin, suggesting the existence of differentiated ecotypes. We consider that the diversity observed should be conserved and used for breeding cultivars of this species and for the restoration of degraded grasslands by considering ecogeographic regions when selecting seed sources.

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