Differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells and their hybrids during embryoid body formation

Abstract

We studied the karyotypes of three hybrid clones of mouse embryonic stem cells and murine splenocytes (two having near diploid and one having near tetraploid chromosome numbers) and the characteristics of their differentiation during the formation of embryoid bodies. The X chromosome originating from embryonic stem cells may be lost in hybrids with a near diploid chromosome number and reprogramming of the "somatic" X may occur. The morphological data we obtained using light and electron microscopy revealed a correlation between the karyotype constitution of hybrid cells and their differentiation during the formation of embryoid bodies. At the beginning of development, the embryoid bodies derived from hybrid cells already showed an advanced degree of differentiation. The production of significant quantities of cartilage was typical for hybrid cells with near tetraploid chromosome numbers. The hybrid cells showed restricted pluripotent capacity and were already committed when they started to differentiate into embryoid bodies.

Ultrastructural Characteristics of Three Undifferentiated Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Lines and Their Differentiated Three-Dimensional Derivatives: A Comparative Study

“…The basement-like membrane that separated the terminal cells from the peripheral cells was an indication of endodermal cell migration (Hoa et al, 2010;Li et al, 2002). This feature was similar to the distinctive outer layer of endodermal cell differentiation reported in day-2 EBs of B 6 D 2 -F 1 (C57BL/6J \ · DBA/2J _) (Tanaka et al, 2006), day-3 EBs derived from HM-1 cells (Mittmann et al, 2002), and mouse cystic EBs formed from the 1E6/2 cell line (Wang et al, 1992).…”

A “Cell‐Friendly” Window for the Interaction of Cells with Hyaluronic Acid/Poly‐l‐Lysine Multilayers

“…The cell clumps of varied size correspond to the embryoid bodies that most probably result from cell–cell interaction in stem cell colonies . Such embryoid bodies are usually formed by stem cells as 3D structures, when the intercellular interactions (be it direct contacts between cells or indirect via the ECM) play a dominant role.…”

“…[57] The cell clumps of varied size correspond to the embryoid bodies that most probably result from cell-cell interaction in stem cell colonies. [58] Such embryoid bodies are usually formed by stem cells as 3D structures, [59] when the intercellular interactions (be it direct contacts between cells or indirect via the ECM) play a dominant role. The role of these embryoid bodies in in vivo systems is noticeable as precursors, from which spontaneous differentiation of stem cells into a large variety of cell types occurs.…”

Actual Achievements on Germ Cells and Gametes Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells

“…Therefore, experiments of other research groups are needed in order to confirm this study. This chapter is focused on critical discussion of the actual achievements on GC and gameteslike in vitro generation from pluripotent stem cells, such as, mES and human embryonic stem (hES) cells (Evans & Kaufman 1981, Martin 1981, Thomson et al, 1998) and reprogrammed cells: induced pluripotent (iPS) cells (Takahashi & Yamanaka 2006) and somatic cell hybrids (Mittmann et al, 2002;Lavagnolli et al, 2009). …”

“…8). These reprogrammed near-diploid ES-SCH shows a developmental potential similar to ES cells: they express molecular ES cell markers, present reactivation of the X chromosome, form EB in vitro and produce chimeras with contribution to different tissues (Mittmann et al, 2002;Vasilkova et al, 2007). Our group was the first to show that reprogrammed cells obtained from the fusion of mES cells and mouse splenocyte were also able to undergo GC differentiation in vitro (Lavagnolli et al, 2009).…”