Deslocamento miscível de cátions provenientes da vinhaça em colunas de solo

Abstract

RESUMOCom o objetivo de avaliar o fator de retardamento, o coeficiente de dispersão-difusão e as curvas de efluente dos íons cálcio, magnésio e potássio presentes na vinhaça, realizou-se um experimento em laboratório com colunas dos solos Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico (LVd), Latossolo Vermelho Eutroférrico (LVef) e Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo Distrófico (LVAd). As colunas foram interligadas a frascos de Mariotte contendo água destilada e, em seguida, a frascos contendo água residuária. As concentrações relativas às amostras do efluente, correspondentes aos respectivos volumes de poros, foram utilizadas a fim de se obter as curvas experimentais de efluente para o potássio, cálcio e magnésio. Utilizou-se o programa Disp 1.1 para, a partir dos dados das curvas de efluente, obter os valores dos fatores de retardamento (fR) e os coeficientes de dispersão-difusão (D) para os íons. Os maiores valores de fR foram obtidos para o potássio no LVd, seguido do cálcio no LVAd e por último o potássio no LVAd. Os menores valores de fR e de D para todos os íons avaliados foram obtidos no LVef. O magnésio apresentou os menores valores de fR e D, nos três solos avaliados. Palavras-chave: água residuária, fator de retardamento, coeficientes de dispersão-difusão Miscible displacement of cations from vinasse in soil columnsABSTRACT In order to evaluate the retardation factor, dispersion coefficient and diffusion-effluent curves of calcium, magnesium and potassium present in the vinasse, a laboratory experiment was conducted in soil columns of typical Distrophic Red Latosol (LVd), typical Eutroferric Red Latosol (LVef) and typical Distrophic Yellow Red Latosol (LVAd). The columns were connected to the Mariotte bottle containing distilled water and then the vials containing wastewater. The relative concentrations of the samples of the effluent corresponding to the respective pore volumes were used to obtain the experimental curves of the effluent for potassium, calcium and magnesium. To obtain the retardation factors (fR) and dispersion-diffusion coefficients (D) for the ions, the data of the effluent curves and the Disp 1.1 program were used. The highest values of fR were obtained for potassium in LVd, followed by calcium in the LVAd and lastly, the potassium in the LVAd. The lowest fR and D values for all studied ions were obtained in LVef. Magnesium showed the lowest values of fR and D in the three evaluated soils.

Dynamics of Ions in Soils Irrigated with Saline Reject

“…It is based on the principle of accommodation of previously treated soil with well-known physical characteristics, followed by the application of the solution to be studied in the soil, with subsequent infiltration, and the collection of the predetermined pore volumes. Importantly, the dimensions of the column are measured in order to calculate the pore volume to be collected (Silva et al, 2012;Matos et al, 2013;Pinho et al, 2014;Silva et al, 2016 , available phosphorus (P), sodium (Na + ) and potassium (K + ) extracted in Mehlich-1 and determined by spectrophotometry visualization (P) and detected by flame photometry (Na + and K + ), the potential acidity (H+Al)-quantified by titration with 0.025 mol L -1 NaOH after extraction with calcium acetate at a concentration of 0.5 mol L -1 with a pH of 7.0 and, soil organic matter (SOM) -as assessed by 0.005 mol L -1 ferrous ammonium sulfate titration after being heated in a uniform plate with 0.02 mol L -1 potassium dichromate (Table 3). -aluminum and, (H+Al) -potential acidity.…”

Retardamento e dispersão hidrodinâmica de cobre, potássio e cloreto em solos residuais do subgrupo Itararé no Estado de São Paulo

“…Na distribuição dos cátions, tanto no solo argiloso quanto no arenoso, as curvas têm uma inclinação suave, indicativo de maior interação entre solo-soluto, resultando em maiores valores de Rd. Esse efeito também foi descrito por Matos et al (2013).…”

Effect of rock powder and vinasse on two types of soils

“…Some studies noted that vinasse can promote soil cation movements and it seems that rock powder can interfere in this process. Matos et al (2013) attempted to evaluate the retardant factor of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and K + movement present in vinasse in three soil types, and they observed that the highest values of the retardant factor were obtained for K + in dystrophic Red Oxisol, followed by Ca 2+ in dystrophic Red-Yellow Oxisol, and finally for K + in dystrophic Red-Yellow Oxisol. The lowest retardant factors for the cations evaluated were found in eutroferric Red Oxisol, while Mg 2+ exhibited low retardant factors in all soils.…”

“…It can promote the dispersion of soil particles with reduction in the rate of water infiltration in the soil and elevation of surface runoff, with possible contamination of surface waters (Matos et al, 2013). In addition, the use of vinasse and rock powder in agriculture is particularly important, due to the increasing production of these residues and the need to undertake reverse logistics of these materials to meet the requirements of Law No.…”