Obstrução e uniformidade de aplicação em sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento aplicando-se efluente da suinocultura

Batista, Rafael Oliveira; Oliveira, Rubens Alves de; Santos, Delfran Batista dos; Oliveira, Adriana de Fátima Mendes; Azevedo, Carlos Alberto Vieira de; Medeiros, Salomão de Sousa

doi:10.1590/s1415-43662013000700002

Cited by 23 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The physicochemical elements and the biomass of the wastewater grow in volume and blocks the effluent flow through the emitter labyrinths (SAHIN et al, 2005;BATISTA et al, 2013.). Thus, the flow in the emitters and the wastewater application uniformity decrease over operation time, resulting in low efficiency and lifetime of the drip irrigation system (BATISTA et al, 2011a, b;SILVA et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drip Units Operating With Dilute Landfill Leachate

et al. 2016

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-Drip irrigation systems stand out for the use of wastewater, by minimizing water losses and risks to the environment and public health, however, the clogging of emitters is a potential problem in this technology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the flow coefficient of variation (FCV) and the coefficient of statistical uniformity (CSU) of drip irrigation units operating with water-diluted landfill leachate. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized split-plot design, with emitter types in the plots (G1 -non-pressure compensating, and G2, G3 and G4 -pressure compensating) and evaluation times in the subplots (0, 20, 40, 60 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 hours), with four replications. The FCV, CSU and physicochemical and biological characteristic values of the dilute landfill leachate were determined every 20 hours to complete 160 hours of operation of the drip units. The biofouling caused major value changes in the FCV and the CSU of the drip unit with the G1 emitter (non-pressure compensating) compared to the units with the G2, G3 and G4 emitters (pressure compensating). The G3 emitter was the most adequate for applying the dilute landfill leachate.Keywords: Wastewater. Biofouling. Irrigação. UNIDADES GOTEJADORAS OPERANDO COM PERCOLADO DE ATERRO DILUÍDORESUMO -Os sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento se destacam para a aplicação de águas residuárias, devido à minimização das perdas de água, dos riscos ambientais e de saúde pública, porém a obstrução dos emissores representa um problema potencial dessa tecnologia. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o coeficiente de variação de vazão (FCV) e o coeficiente de uniformidade estatístico (Us) de unidades gotejadoras abastecidas com percolado de aterro sanitário diluído em água de abastecimento. O experimento foi conduzido sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas os tipos de gotejadores (G1 não autocompensante; e G2, G3 e G4 autocompensantes) e nas subparcelas os tempos de avaliação (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 e 160 horas), com quatro repetições. Os valores de FCV, CSU e das características físico-químicas e biológicas do percolado de aterro sanitário diluído foram determinadas a cada 20 horas, até completar 160 horas de operação das unidades gotejadoras. A bioincrustação proporcionou maiores alterações nos valores de FCV e CSU da unidade gotejadora com gotejador G1 (não autocompensante) em relação às unidades dotadas dos gotejadores G2, G3 e G4 (autocompensantes). O gotejador G3 foi o mais adequado na aplicação do percolado de aterro sanitário diluído.Palavras-chave: Água residuária. Bioincrustação. Irrigation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drip Units Operating With Dilute Landfill Leachate

et al. 2016

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“…Moreover, each manifold of the drip units had nine connectors with sealing rubber, for inserting the nine lateral lines of 8.0 m in length, three for each one of the evaluated dripper type. The characteristics of the evaluated dripper are presented in Table 1 and their images in According to the recommendations of Batista et al (2013), the drip units work an average of four hours a day until completing 160 h.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Batista et al (2011) reported that the quadratic and linear regression models best fitted to the DUC data and to the operating time with drip units operating with secondary and tertiary domestic wastewater, respectively. Batista et al (2013) reported that the quadratic regression model best fitted to the DUC data and to the operation time with drip units operated daily with public water for 2 h followed by another 2 h with swine wastewater, for 160 h.…”

Section: Revmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies reported a compromised hydraulic performance of drip irrigation systems operating with different types of wastewater, due to partial or total clogging of drippers (PUIG-BARGUES et al, 2010;BATISTA et al, 2011;BATISTA et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Empirical models relating hydraulic performance of drip irrigation systems with the variables operating time (BATISTA et al, 2013), wastewater quality (BATISTA et al, 2011) and intrinsic characteristics of drippers (BATISTA et al, 2012;OLIVER et al, 2014) assists in choosing the technic and the time of use preventive and corrective measures regarding dripper obstructions when applying wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Empirical Models for Performance of Drippers Applying Cashew Nut Processing Wastewater

et al. 2016

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-The objective of this work was to develop empirical models for hydraulic performance of drippers operating with cashew nut processing wastewater depending on operating time, operating pressure and effluent quality. The experiment consisted of two factors, types of drippers (D1=1.65 L h -1 , D2=2.00 L h -1 and D3=4.00 L h -1 ), and operating pressures (70, 140, 210 and 280 kPa), with three replications. The flow variation coefficient (FVC), distribution uniformity coefficient (DUC) and the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the effluent were evaluated every 20 hours until complete 160 hours of operation. Data were interpreted through simple and multiple linear stepwise regression models. The regression models that fitted to the FVC and DUC as a function of operating time were square root, linear and quadratic, with 17%, 17% and 8%, and 17%, 17% and 0%, respectively. The regression models that fitted to the FVC and DUC as a function of operating pressures were square root, linear and quadratic, with 11%, 22% and 0% and the 0%, 22% and 11%, respectively. Multiple linear regressions showed that the dissolved solids content is the main wastewater characteristic that interfere in the FVC and DUC values of the drip units D1 (1.65 L h-1) and D3 (4.00 L h-1), operating at work pressure of 70 kPa (P1).Keywords: Effluent. Emitters. Operating pressure. Flow variation coefficient. Distribution uniformity coefficient. MODELOS EMPÍRICOS DO DESEMPENHO DE GOTEJADORES APLICANDO ÁGUARESIDUÁRIA DA CASTANHA DE CAJU RESUMO -Este trabalho objetivou obter modelos empíricos do desempenho hidráulico de gotejadores operando com água residuária da castanha de caju em função do tempo de operação, da pressão de serviço e da qualidade do efluente. O experimento foi montado com dois fatores: três tipos de gotejadores (D1 -1,65 L h -1 ; D2 -2,00 L h -1 e D3 -4,00 L h -1 ) e quatro pressões de serviço (70, 140, 210 e 280 kPa), com três repetições. Avaliaram-se a cada 20 h os valores dos coeficientes de variação de vazão (FVC) e da uniformidade de distribuição (DUC), além das características físico-químicas e biológicas do efluente até completar o tempo de operação de 160 h. Os dados foram interpretados por meio das análises de regressão simples e linear múltipla stepwise. Para os dados de FVC e DUC em função do tempo de operação, 17, 17 e 8% e 17, 17 e 0% dos modelos de regressão ajustados foram o raiz quadrada, o linear e o quadrático, respectivamente. Na relação de FVC e DUC com pressões de serviço, 11, 22 e 0% e 0, 22 e 11% dos modelos de regressão ajustados foram o raiz quadrada, o linear e o quadrático, respectivamente. As regressões lineares múltiplas mostraram que o teor de sólidos dissolvidos foi a característica da água residuária que mais interferiu nos valores de FVC e DUC das unidades gotejadoras D1e D3 operando na pressão de serviço de 70 kPa.Palavras-chave: Efluente. Emissores. Pressão de serviço. Coeficientes de variação da vazão e de uniformidade de distribuição.

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Flow rate variation and biological agents that obstruct drippers of swine effluent

et al. 2018

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Emitter clogging is the major problem of drip irrigation systems operating with wastewater. The objective of this study was to evaluate the alteration of the flow rate variation coefficient (FVC) and to identify the biological agents that cause obstruction in drip units operating with swine effluent and public water supply. The experiment was set up in a split-plot scheme, with the times of application of swine effluent and public water supply in the main plots and dripper types in the secondary parcels, evaluating times of FVC in the tertiary parcels, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three repetitions. The FVC of the drip subunits was calculated on every 40 hours as well as the microscopic analysis of the biological agents of clogging, until 160 h. At the end of the tests, biofilm samples were collected in each drip unit to identify the groups of predominant bacteria. The results indicated that the FVC was effective in detecting the clogging of the emitters, evidencing that the construction characteristics and the times of application of swine effluent and of the public water supply interfere in this process. Microscopic analyzes of the biofilm indicated that the main biological agents that caused obstruction were algae, bacteria, fungi and protozoa.

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Obstrução e uniformidade de aplicação em sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento aplicando-se efluente da suinocultura

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Drip Units Operating With Dilute Landfill Leachate

Drip Units Operating With Dilute Landfill Leachate

Empirical Models for Performance of Drippers Applying Cashew Nut Processing Wastewater

Flow rate variation and biological agents that obstruct drippers of swine effluent

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