Comparativo de personagens da história da enfermagem brasileira

Abstract

RESUMOEste artigo trata de uma reflexão sobre a história de profissionais que se destacaram na Enfermagem. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa sobre algumas personagens que muito realizaram pela Enfermagem e pela saúde no país. A análise das histórias dessas enfermeiras revelou fatos em comum, como: o rompimento de paradigmas relacionados ao casamento; a formação em instituições renomadas; a ocupação em cargos de grande importância; a participação expressiva em entidades de classe, assim como uma relação com a formação de qualidade. Através de suas biografias, percebe-se que, apesar de o contexto político da época ter favorecido na formação dessas enfermeiras, muito esforço e dedicação foram necessários para essas trajetórias de sucesso, que colaboraram para a consolidação da Enfermagem brasileira. Abstract ResumenThis article presents a reflection about the story of outstanding nursing professionals. For this purpose, a survey was conducted among some people who contributed a lot to nursing and health in Brazil. The analysis of these nurses' stories unveiled facts in common: breaking of paradigms relating to marriage, education at renowned institutions, holding of very important jobs, significant membership in professional associations, and quality education. The bios of these nurses reveal that, while the political scenario then existing contributed to their education, unswerving dedication and diligence, were the key for their successful careers and helped consolidate nursing in Brazil. REFLEXÃO REFLECTION/REFLEXIÓNEste artículo es una reflexión sobre la historia de los profesionales que se destacaron en la enfermería. Para ello, la búsqueda se llevó a cabo en algunos personajes que hicieron mucho para la enfermería y la salud en el país. El análisis de las historias de estas enfermeras puesto de manifiesto en hechos común como: la ruptura de paradigmas relacionado con el matrimonio, la formación en instituciones de renombre, la ocupación en puestos de gran importancia, la participación en asociaciones profesionales expresiva, a si como una relación con la formación de calidad. A través de sus biografías, se puede ver que a pesar del contexto político de la época han favorecido la formación de esas enfermeras, mucho esfuerzo y dedicación fueron necesarios para esas trayectorias de éxito, que cooperaron en la consolidación de la enfermería brasileña.

Exercise of Leadership by Nurse Leaders of a Class Entity from 1926 to 1974

“…The former leaders of the ABEn were trained in renowned nursing schools in the country and abroad, and many of them received scholarships from the Rockefeller Foundation, through the International Health Service, which is an international agency that supported the organization of a profession capable of associating education and health (Moreira, 1999). According to Furukawa (2009), at that time, the Rockefeller Foundation offered them training abroad, already with the intention of training nurses under the paradigm of the Anglo-American nursing model developed in the United States of America (USA), which would come to prevail in the Americas. This fact marked the history of education and preparation of the former leaders of the ABEn for positions of leadership, in several health areas, after receiving training in education institutions such as the University of Toronto, Canada (Oguisso, 2002(Oguisso, , 2003 and the University of Philadelphia in the USA (Anonymous, 2002;Oguisso, Freitas, & Takashi, 2013), as well as after completing traineeships and financed courses at renowned institutions in the USA (Borenstein, Padilha, Caetano, & Mancia, 2004), France and Canada, in addition to post-graduation courses in Nursing Administration and Teaching (Oguisso, 2002;Oguisso et al, 2013) in New York, USA, and the Master's Degree at the University of Columbia, in the USA (Oguisso, 2002(Oguisso, , 2003.…”

“…This fact marked the history of education and preparation of the former leaders of the ABEn for positions of leadership, in several health areas, after receiving training in education institutions such as the University of Toronto, Canada (Oguisso, 2002(Oguisso, , 2003 and the University of Philadelphia in the USA (Anonymous, 2002;Oguisso, Freitas, & Takashi, 2013), as well as after completing traineeships and financed courses at renowned institutions in the USA (Borenstein, Padilha, Caetano, & Mancia, 2004), France and Canada, in addition to post-graduation courses in Nursing Administration and Teaching (Oguisso, 2002;Oguisso et al, 2013) in New York, USA, and the Master's Degree at the University of Columbia, in the USA (Oguisso, 2002(Oguisso, , 2003. This phenomenon occurred mainly after 1922, with the creation of the Nurses' Service of the National Public Health Department, followed by the foundation of the Anna Nery Nursing School (EEAN) in 1923, and continued until 1933, with the creation of the Nursing School Carlos Chagas (EECC; Furukawa, 2009). We would like to underline that, between 1920 and 1960, the nurses who excelled in their courses or professional activities in Brazil were also sent to study in the abovementioned countries with the purpose of preparing them for managing schools and nursing services in public health institutions, which were positions of great responsibility, and, gradually, The inclusion criteria of the primary sources were as follows: Being written in Portuguese, being available in full-text online or in printed form, being stored in research centers available for consultation, and addressing the exercise of leadership by the nurse leaders under study.…”

“…One of the transformations occurred throughout the trajectory of the ABEn is its different designation over the course of 85 years: Associação Nacional de Enfermeiras Diplomadas (National Association of Graduate Nurses; ANED, 1926ANED, -1944, Associação Brasileira de Enfermeiras Diplomadas (Brazilian Association of Graduate Nurses; ABED, 1944ABED, -1954, and Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem (Brazilian Nursing Association;ABEn, 1954 until today;Cabral & Almeida, 2013), which denotes the power of the political coordination of its leaders. This activity has defined a profile of nurse leaders capable of developing management with a spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship (Mendes & Marziale, 2003), a strong political position, knowledge, and the ability to deal with contentious and controversial issues (Furukawa, 2009), as well as a concern to come together, through the participation in class entities, to face the challenges of the nursing profession. The exercise of nursing leadership is begins with an understanding that leading means keeping the team members united through dialogue (Sousa & Barroso, 2009), in the quest for accomplishing professional goals.…”