Clinical risk factors for Clostridium difficile-associated diseases

Abstract

A b s t r A c t Many factors appear to influence the chance of acquiring Clostridium difficile (c. difficile)infection, and an accurate identification of risk factors could be beneficial in many ways.thus, in the present study, clinical risk factors for c. difficile-associated disease (cDAD) in Korea were identified. A total of 93 patients who met the inclusion criteria and 186 age/gender/ward/admission period-matched control patients were included in this study. (or, 14.90; 95% ci, 4.02-55.26; p < 0.001). Awareness of cDAD is critical to provide appropriate clinical care. surveillance of the national incidence rate and multicenter studies are needed, and the potential value of a c. difficile vaccine should be studied.

Risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection in surgical patients hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in Belgrade, Serbia: a case–control study

“…The admission to ICU was significantly associated with CDI in our patients as reported before [4, 9]. Critically ill patients in ICU share many of the RFs for developing CDI such as: severe underlying diseases, antibiotic exposure, gastric acid suppression with H2RAs or PPIs, the use of mechanical ventilation, and nasogastric tubes [17].…”

“…The third-generation cephalosporins were the most commonly used antibiotics in both groups and an independent RF for CDI. The study of Korean authors showed that the use of cephalosporins increased the risk for CDI [4]. Also, the use of carbapenems, in addition to having the higher frequency in the case group, was an independent RF for CDI in our study.…”

“…It is associated with the increased morbidity, in-hospital mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and increased costs. The main risk factors for CDI include the administration of antibiotics, patients older than 65 years, multiple co-morbid conditions, previous hospitalization, medical procedures, and long stay in hospitals [2–4]. The reported incidence of HA CDI varies according to the country, the size of institution and ward location, the type of population studied [5–11].…”

Detection, Ribotyping and Antimicrobial Resistance Properties of Clostridium difficile Strains Isolated From The Cases of Diarrhea

“…C. difficile infection is less common in children than adults, but its prevalence is increasing in children (5-7). Disease is mainly occurred in children who have been treated with long term antibiotic therapy (8, 9). …”

Clostridium difficile bacteremia: Report of two cases in French hospitals and comprehensive review of the literature

“…Severe underlying diseases are also commonly mentioned as predisposing situations to CDI developing. Any factors that disturb the host-microbiota homeostasis can promote C. difficile colonization and infection [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]. The most commonly incriminated antimicrobials are cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones but all antimicrobial classes are associated with a risk of CDI and the antimicrobial stewardship programmes may play a key role in CDI prevention [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23].…”