Infectious keratitis secondary to Histoplasma capsulatum: the first case reports in humans

Arcieri, Enyr S.; Rocha, Ademir; Mendonça, Camila Naves; Andreo, E.G. V.; Finotti, I.G. A.; Furlanetto, Rafael; Arcieri, Rafael Saran; Rocha, Flavio Jaime; Rizzo, Luiz Vicente

doi:10.1590/s1413-86702007000600013

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…A factor to take into account regarding the actual ratio of disseminated histoplasmosis is the reporting bias, since the scientific community tends to report the most serious and unusual cases of infectious diseases (Almeida-Silva et al, 2016;Silva-Ferreira et al, 2017). For instance, in this systematic review, several uncommon manifestations of histoplasmosis were detected, such as osteoarticular, urinary, ocular, and heart involvement (Rocha and Severo, 1994;Unis et al, 2004;Chang et al, 2007;Arcieri et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The occurrence of histoplasmosis in Brazil: A systematic review

Almeida

Almeida-Silva

Guimarães

et al. 2019

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background: Histoplasmosis is a systemic disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Diagnosis is often delayed, or it is misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. In Brazil, the infection is common and cases of histoplasmosis have been described in all regions of the country; however, the real problem is underestimated since notification of histoplasmosis is not mandatory. Methods: Human histoplasmosis cases diagnosed in Brazil and published up to December 2018 were identified through a search conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, and Web of Science databases. Moreover, the isolation of H. capsulatum from animals or environmental sources in Brazil was also evaluated. Results: A total of 207 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were evaluated, involving a total of 3530 patients with a diagnosis of histoplasmosis during the period studied. Of these patients, 78.3% were male, giving a male-to-female ratio of approximately 4:1. Histoplasmosis presented a higher frequency in individuals between the fourth and fifth decades of life. Disseminated disease was the most common form of histoplasmosis. Isolation of H. capsulatum on culture media and histopathology using staining methods were the diagnostic methods with the best efficiency. The best results in the identification of the H. capsulatum were achieved for samples from mononuclear phagocyte system components, skin and mucosa, and hematological samples. Regarding predisposing factors for histoplasmosis, HIV infection was the most common underlying condition. The overall mortality rate was 33.1%. Conclusions: This study represents the first available systematic review demonstrating Brazilian cases of histoplasmosis in the literature and highlights that the disease is more widespread in the Brazilian territory than has previously been thought.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The occurrence of histoplasmosis in Brazil: A systematic review

Almeida

Almeida-Silva

Guimarães

et al. 2019

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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A rare case of Histoplasma Keratitis in an immunocompetent patient

Nagpal¹,

Shahanand²,

Shah³

et al. 2018

Journal of EuCornea

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The Spectrum of Microbial Keratitis: An Updated Review

Bartimote¹,

Foster²,

Watson³

2019

TOOPHTJ

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Background: In microbial keratitis, infection of the cornea can threaten vision through permanent corneal scarring and even perforation resulting in the loss of the eye. A literature review was conducted by Karsten, Watson and Foster (2012) to determine the spectrum of microbial keratitis. Since this publication, there have been over 2600 articles published investigating the causative pathogens of microbial keratitis. Objective: To determine the current spectrum of possible pathogens implicated in microbial keratitis relative to the 2012 study. Methods: An exhaustive literature review was conducted of all the peer-reviewed articles reporting on microbial pathogens implicated in keratitis. Databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science were searched utilising their entire year limits (1950-2019). Results: Six-hundred and eighty-eight species representing 271 genera from 145 families were implicated in microbial keratitis. Fungal pathogens, though less frequent than bacteria, demonstrated the greatest diversity with 393 species from 169 genera that were found to cause microbial keratitis. There were 254 species of bacteria from 82 genera, 27 species of amoeba from 11 genera, and 14 species of virus from 9 genera, which were also identified as pathogens of microbial keratitis. Conclusion: The spectrum of pathogens implicated in microbial keratitis is extremely diverse. Bacteria were most commonly encountered and in comparison, to the review published in 2012, further 456 pathogens have been identified as causative pathogens of microbial keratitis. Therefore, the current review provides an important update on the potential spectrum of microbes, to assist clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of microbial keratitis.

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Infectious keratitis secondary to Histoplasma capsulatum: the first case reports in humans

Abstract: The authors report an unusual case of fungal keratitis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum in a male immunocompetent patient. PCR confirmed the presence of the fungus DNA in the material studied. To our knowledge this is the first reported case in humans described all over the world.

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

The occurrence of histoplasmosis in Brazil: A systematic review

The occurrence of histoplasmosis in Brazil: A systematic review

A rare case of Histoplasma Keratitis in an immunocompetent patient

The Spectrum of Microbial Keratitis: An Updated Review

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