Antimicrobial resistance of clinical and environmental strains of Vibrio cholerae isolated in Lima-Peru during epidemics of 1991 and 1998

Ibarra, J. O.; Alvarado, Débora

doi:10.1590/s1413-86702007000100022

Cited by 16 publications

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“…Most of the V. cholerae O1 isolated in Thailand between 2003 and 2011 were resistant to SXT, a recommended first-line drug for children with acute diarrhoea. In Thailand, TE and norfloxacin were the most frequently used drugs for treatment of cholera (Supawat et al, 2009), but the data presented in this study on the emergence of MDR V. cholerae in Thailand, together with the increasing incidence of cholera caused by MDR V. cholerae in Africa, Asia, and South America (Glass et al, 1980;Goel et al 2011;Ibarra & Alvarado, 2007;Mandomando et al, 2007;Tran et al, 2012) indicate that drugs should not be administered without having sensitivity patterns first determined, considering that drug response patterns change frequently and can vary spatio-temporally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, antibiotic therapy has faced challenges related to the rapid emergence and spread of V. cholerae strains resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents, such as TE, ampicillin (AMP), kanamycin, streptomycin, SXT, nalidixic acid, E and most recently to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin (Mhalu et al, 1979;Glass et al, 1980;Jain et al, 2011). In this study, V. et al, 1980;Goel et al 2011;Ibarra & Alvarado, 2007;Mandomando et al, 2007;Tran et al, 2012) indicate that drugs should not be administered without having sensitivity patterns first determined, considering that drug response patterns change frequently and can vary spatio-temporally.In recent years, V. cholerae O1 ET has shown a shift in ctxB from genotype 3 (found in ET strains of the seventh pandemic and the Latin American epidemic) to genotype 1 (found in strains of CL biotype worldwide and the US Gulf Coast ET strains). Atypical ET possessing CL biotype CTX was first reported in Asia at the start of this century (Nair et al, 2006;Raychoudhuri et al, 2008;Morita et al, 2010) and subsequently in Africa and Central America (Alam et al, 2010), including Haiti (Chin et al, 2011Hasan et al, 2012).…”

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Drug response and genetic properties of Vibrio cholerae associated with endemic cholera in north-eastern Thailand, 2003–2011

Chomvarin

Johura

Mannan

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae, results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, including Thailand. Representative V. cholerae strains associated with endemic cholera (n532), including strains (n53) from surface water sources, in Khon Kaen, Thailand (2003-2011, were subjected to microbiological, molecular and phylogenetic analyses. According to phenotypic and related genetic data, all tested V. cholerae strains belonged to serogroup O1, biotype El Tor (ET), Inaba (IN) or Ogawa (OG). All of the strains were sensitive to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, while multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains showing resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin were predominant in 2007. V. cholerae strains isolated before and after 2007 were non-MDR. All except six diarrhoeal strains possessed ctxA and ctxB genes and were toxigenic altered ET, confirmed by MAMA-PCR and DNA sequencing. Year-wise data revealed that V. cholerae INET strains isolated between 2003 and 2004, plus one strain isolated in 2007, lacked the RS1 sequence (rstC) and toxin-linked cryptic plasmid (TLC)-specific genetic marker, but possessed CTX CL prophage genes ctxB CL and rstR CL . A sharp genetic transition was noted, namely the majority of V. cholerae strains in 2007 and all in 2010 and 2011 were not repressor genotype rstR CL but instead were rstR ET , and all ctx + strains possessed RS1 and TLCspecific genetic markers. DNA sequencing data revealed that strains isolated since 2007 had a mutation in the tcpA gene at amino acid position 64 (NAS). Four clonal types, mostly of environmental origin, including subtypes, reflected genetic diversity, while distinct signatures were observed for clonally related, altered ET from Thailand, Vietnam and Bangladesh, confirmed by distinct subclustering patterns observed in the PFGE (NotI)-based dendrogram, suggesting that endemic cholera is caused by V. cholerae indigenous to Khon Kaen.3These authors contributed equally to this work.Abbreviations: AMP, ampicillin; CL, classical; CTX, cholera toxin; E, erythromycin; ET, El Tor; MAMA, mismatch amplification mutation assay; MDR, multidrug resistant; SXT, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; TE, tetracycline; TLC, toxin-linked cryptic plasmid. INTRODUCTIONCholera is a severe form of acute diarrhoea, caused by the gamma-proteobacterium Vibrio cholerae. V. cholerae comprises more than 200 'O' serogroups even though the disease historically has been considered to be caused only by V. cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 . Serogroup O1 has two biotypes, Classical (CL) and El Tor (ET), of which the former is associated with the first six pandemics starting in 1817 before the latter was isolated at the beginning of the current ongoing seventh cholera pandemic in the 1960s (Kaper et al., 1995). The CL biotype differs from the ET biotype in some phenotypic traits, primarily haemolysis of sheep erythrocytes, agglutination of chicken erythrocytes, Voges-Proskauer reaction, sensitivity to polymyxin B and sensitivity to specific phages (Kaper e...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drug response and genetic properties of Vibrio cholerae associated with endemic cholera in north-eastern Thailand, 2003–2011

Chomvarin

Johura

Mannan

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Such resistant strains might have been disseminated into water sources. Studies in other parts of the world [38, 39] have reported varying susceptibilities of the organism to these antibiotics. Changes in susceptibility pattern have been attributed to isolation time, source and geographical location.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water sources as reservoirs of Vibrio choleraeO1 and non-O1 strains in Bepanda, Douala (Cameroon): relationship between isolation and physico-chemical factors

Akoachere

Mbuntcha

2014

BMC Infect Dis

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BackgroundCholera has been endemic in Douala since 1971. Most outbreaks start from Bepanda, an overcrowded neighbourhood with poor hygiene and sanitary conditions. We investigated water sources in Bepanda as reservoirs of Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, determined its antibiotic susceptibility and some physico-chemical characteristics that could maintain the endemicity of this organism in Bepanda.MethodsThree hundred and eighteen water samples collected from 45 wells, 8 taps and 1 stream from February to July 2009 were analyzed for V. cholerae using standard methods. Isolates were characterized morphologically, biochemically and serologically. The disc diffusion technique was employed to investigate antibiotic susceptibility. Differences in prevalence of organism between seasons were analysed. Correlation strength and direction of association between physico-chemical parameters and occurrence of V. cholerae was analyzed using the Kendall tau_b non-parametric correlation. This was further confirmed with the forward-stepwise binary logistic regression.ResultsEighty-seven (27.4%) samples were positive for V. cholerae. Isolation was highest from wells. The organism was isolated in the rainy season and dry season but the frequency of isolation was significantly higher (χ2 = 7.009, df = 1, P = 0.008) in the rainy season. Of the 96 confirmed V. cholerae isolates, 32 (33.3%) belonged to serogroup O1 and 64 (66.6%) were serogroup non-O1/non-O139. Isolates from tap (municipal water) were non-O1/non-O139 strains. Salinity had a significant positive correlation with isolation in the dry season (+0.267, P = 0.015) and rainy season (+0.223, P = 0.028). The forward-stepwise method of binary logistic regression indicated that as pH (Wald = 11.753, df = 1), P = 0.001) increased, odds of isolation of V. cholerae also increased (B = 1.297, S.E = 0.378, Exp(B) = 3.657). All isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Multi-drug resistance was predominant among the non-O1/non-O139 isolates.ConclusionV. cholerae was found in wells and stream in both seasons. Cholera will continue to be a health threat in Bepanda if intervention measures to prevent outbreak are not implemented. Continuous monitoring of water sources in this and other cholera high-risk areas in Cameroon is necessary, for a better preparedness and control of cholera.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-421) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Se han reportado a Vibrio parahaemolyticus como el principal agente causal de la gastroenteritis aguda humana transmitida a través del consumo de mariscos crudos o poco cocidos (Ibarra et al 2007, Gil et al, 2007.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Asociación de floraciones de algas nocivas y Vibrio spp. en áreas de pesca y acuicultura de bivalvos de moluscos en las bahías de Sechura y Pisco, Perú

et al. 2017

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Entre febrero de 2010 y mayo de 2014 se realizaron 22 evaluaciones en Pisco y 16 en Sechura; ambas áreas importantes en Perú para la extracción de moluscos y maricultura. La incidencia de Vibrio en el agua de mar fue monitoreada durante las floraciones de algas y en épocas normales. Se midieron parámetros ambientales tales como temperatura y nutrientes. En Sechura, Pseudo-nitzschia seriata y Protoperidinium depressum causaron floraciones de algas y fueron dominantes durante todo el período de evaluación. Las temperaturas en esta zona oscilaron entre 21.8 y 25.3 °C. En Pisco, la concentración Akashiwo sanguinea, Messodinium rubrum y Prorocentrum mínimum y el dinoflagelado Cochlodinium polikrykoides fueron los más frecuentes. Las floraciones de algas nocivas ocurrieron cuando las temperaturas estaban entre 17.1 y 23.3 °C, concentraciones de fosfatos que oscilaban entre 1.22 - 6.85 μM y nitratos 0.15 - 7.85 μM. En mayo de 2012, el dinoflagelado Alexandrium peruvianum causó una floración algal, bajo temperaturas de 18.0 a 23.2 °C, valores de fosfato de 0.73 a 11.56 μM y nitratos de 0.76 a 9.81 μM. Los coliformes fueron bajos < 2 – 23 MPN/100 mL, en ambas bahías durante todo el período de estudio. Vibrio alginolyticus fue la especie dominante. Mientras que V. vulnificus y V. parahaemolyticus se detectaron en Pisco, donde las temperaturas del mar comúnmente son mayores y los casos de infecciones graves por ingestión de mariscos se han asociado con el patógeno V. parahaemolyticus.

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Antimicrobial resistance of clinical and environmental strains of Vibrio cholerae isolated in Lima-Peru during epidemics of 1991 and 1998

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Drug response and genetic properties of Vibrio cholerae associated with endemic cholera in north-eastern Thailand, 2003–2011

Drug response and genetic properties of Vibrio cholerae associated with endemic cholera in north-eastern Thailand, 2003–2011

Water sources as reservoirs of Vibrio choleraeO1 and non-O1 strains in Bepanda, Douala (Cameroon): relationship between isolation and physico-chemical factors

Asociación de floraciones de algas nocivas y Vibrio spp. en áreas de pesca y acuicultura de bivalvos de moluscos en las bahías de Sechura y Pisco, Perú

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