Congenital tuberculosis: a case report

Vilarinho, Liana Consuelo Santana

doi:10.1590/s1413-86702006000500014

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In the review of 75 congenital TB cases (see Methods) we found that information on maternal TB was available in 65; 43 had chest radiograph results. Of these 43, 14 (33%) had a normal chest radiograph with confirmed extrapulmonary TB, 12 (28%) had pleural effusions of whom six also had other pulmonary infiltrates (only one culture‐positive), eight (19%) had miliary TB and 10 (23%) had only pulmonary TB, most of which was culture‐negative TB 6–43 . Other types of extrapulmonary TB identified in these mothers were endometrial TB confirmed in 22 of 25 tested, central nervous system TB in six, osteoarticular and abdominal TB in three each.…”

Section: Tuberculosis In the Very Youngmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Tuberculosis at extremes of age

Schaaf¹,

Collins²,

Bekker³

et al. 2010

Respirology

135

125

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Although tuberculosis (TB) has its highest burden among young adults, especially since the advent of HIV infection, two other groups with low immunity, the very young (<1 year) with immature immunity and the elderly (>65 years) with waning immunity, are vulnerable groups not to be forgotten. This review describes the epidemiology,clinical aspects,public health aspects and outcome of TB in patients at the extremes of age. The epidemiology differs therein that TB in infants occurs in developing countries with high incidences of TB and HIV, while TB in the elderly occurs in developed countries with ageing populations. The clinical presentation may be non-specific, history of contact with TB is often not known and TB is often not considered at these age extremes, and when the diagnosis is considered, disease progression may already be advanced. Anti-TB treatment regimens are the same as in other age groups, but drug dosages may need adjustment according to weight, renal function, liver function and other potentially complicating factors. Adverse events are more difficult to observe and both the young and the elderly are reliant on others for adherence to treatment. Mortality at both age extremes is higher than in the general TB population. For all the above reasons, public health measures to: prevent transmission of infection; identify those infected and providing preventive therapy; high index of suspicion in order to make an early diagnosis; and timely initiation of treatment are important in both the very young and the elderly.

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Section: Tuberculosis In the Very Youngmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The clinical presentation of congenital TB in the review of 75 cases is summarized in Table 1 6–43 . Although postnatal TB may clinically be indistinguishable from congenital TB, the presence of a hepatic granuloma is fairly pathognomic of congenital TB 9 .…”

Section: Tuberculosis In the Very Youngmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis at extremes of age

Schaaf¹,

Collins²,

Bekker³

et al. 2010

Respirology

135

125

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“…The incidence of congenital tuberculosis in women of reproductive age group in countries where the disease is endemic is estimated at 2%,1 with approximately 340 cases described in the literature 2. Diagnosis of congenital tuberculosis is difficult due to non-specific symptoms, and a high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis in infants in order to reduce mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital tuberculosis in premature twins after in vitro fertilisation

Altunhan

Keser²,

Pekcan³

et al. 2009

Case Reports

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Genital tuberculosis is a major cause of infertility in countries where tuberculosis is endemic. With recent advances in assisted reproductive technology, women with tuberculous endometritis may become pregnant and ultimately have children with congenital tuberculosis. In vitro fertilisation represents a useful treatment for infertility. Congenital tuberculosis is a rare and severe, rapidly progressive, disease. Making an early diagnosis of congenital tuberculosis is difficult, because it can mimic many neonatal illnesses. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first cases of premature twins with congenital tuberculosis following in vitro fertilisation. After the diagnosis of genital tuberculosis in the mother, the twins were screened and diagnosed for tuberculosis. The twins dramatically improved after anti-tuberculosis therapy. We also wish to draw attention to the importance of searching for genital tuberculosis as the possible cause of congenital infection, even if the mother is asymptomatic.

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“…Clinical manifestations of congenital and neonatal TB are non-specific, they usually present like neonatal sepsis and diagnosis is often delayed [15–18]. Low birth weight and prematurity are common features of HIV and TB infected neonates born to HIV-infected mothers with TB [19].…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These criteria increase diagnostic sensitivity, but the diagnosis remains difficult since confirmation of the primary complex or detection of granulomas in the liver has to be carried out by biopsy, which is not always available [20]. In our case a liver biopsy was never performed [15]. …”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

How to manage TB in children? Problems and solutions in four cases

et al. 2014

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AbstractChildren bear a substantial part of the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic worldwide, and it is estimated that there were ≅ 500.000 childhood TB cases globally in 2010, although accurate data are problematic to obtain given the many difficulties associated with TB diagnosis in children and the weaknesses of surveillance systems in countries where TB is endemic. The World Health Organization is working hard in order to reduce the TB prevalence rates and deaths by half by 2015. In this challenge, general practitioners and pediatricians play a key role in detecting early cases of suspected TB and sending them to experts in infectious diseases. This will reduce delayed diagnosis and the spread of disease, which is especially important now that the prevalence of multidrug resistant TB is increasing. For this reason, the purpose of this report was to delineate the characteristic clinical features of the most common forms of pediatric TB and to suggest a rational and practical approach to the disease underlining the role of patients and parents personal and clinical history.

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Congenital tuberculosis: a case report

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Tuberculosis at extremes of age

Tuberculosis at extremes of age

Congenital tuberculosis in premature twins after in vitro fertilisation

How to manage TB in children? Problems and solutions in four cases

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