Pressão arterial elevada em adolescentes: prevalência e fatores associados

Abstract

Objetivou-se verificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à pressão arterial (PA) elevada em adolescentes de um município Brasileiro. Estudo transversal, conduzido em 653 adolescentes (57,9% do sexo feminino) de 14 a 19 anos de idade, estudantes do ensino médio. A Pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e a diastólica (PAD) foram mensuradas em todos os sujeitos. Variáveis sociodemográficas, do estilo de vida e índice de massa corporal foram obtidas. Regressão logística binária, bruta e ajustada, foi empregada com nível de significância de 5%. A média da PAS e PAD foi de 111,9 mmHg e 69,9 mmHg, respectivamente. A prevalência de PA elevada foi de 12,4%. Na análise multivariável foi identificado que jovens do sexo masculino (OR: 2,37; IC95%: 1,45-3,90), com escolaridade materna de até oito anos (OR: 1,84; IC95%: 1,03-3,30) e com excesso de peso (OR: 3,79; IC95%: 2,23-6,43), apresentaram maiores chances de PA elevada. O termo de interação entre sexo masculino e excesso de peso representou o subgrupo com maiores chances de PA elevada (OR: 6,41; IC95%: 3,00-13,16). Níveis pressóricos elevados acometem adolescentes da cidade de Ponta Grossa, Paraná, e os grupos com maiores chances de PA elevada foram os do sexo masculino, com escolaridade materna baixa e com excesso de peso.

O sobrepeso e a obesidade não estão associados com a pressão arterial elevada em jovens praticantes de esportes

“…When the total sample was analyzed the results of this study corroborated previous studies that showed no association between physical activity and HBP in young people 9,11,[21][22][23] . The present study examined the practice of sports because the physical activity of young people is largely performed through sports 15 .…”

“…With regard to the participants who practiced sports, the prevalence of HBP was similar in young people who were overweight and obese compared to the eutrophic participants (17.1 and 18.2 vs 15.5%). In the adjusted analysis, young people who were overweight and obese in the total sample and those who did not practice sports showed a prevalence ratio of HBP which ranged from 1.60 to 2.15 higher than their eutrophic counterparts, results that corroborate those in previous studies [9][10][11]18,22,26 . No significant associations were found for young people who practice sports.…”

“…The literature contains controversial findings regarding the association between physical activity and HBP. Some studies have shown an inverse association between physical activity and blood pressure in young people 16-20 , while others have shown no such association 9,11,[21][22][23] . A systematic review showed that the number of studies that showed an association between physical activity with blood pressure was lower than the studies that showed no association 24 .…”

“…Of the 21 studies included in the review, 12 reported a prevalence of HBP higher than 10% 8 . Studies conducted after the aforementioned systematic review reported a prevalence of HBP ranging from 12.4 to 19.4% [9][10][11] .…”

“…Among other associated factors, the conditions of being overweight and obese are considered to be the determing factors of HBP because they trigger several physiological mechanisms that result in HBP in young people 25 . For this reason, overweight young people are 1.66 to 4.30 while obese are 5.19 to 5.40 more likely to have HBP compared to eutrophic [9][10][11]18,22,26 . The studies that are available in the literature have not investigated the association between overweight and obesity with HBP according to sports practice.…”