A Medicina Integrativa e a construção de um novo modelo na saúde

Abstract

Medicina Integrativa (MI) é o conceito mais recente no debate das Medicinas Alternativas e Complementares (MAC), em busca do modelo que viabilize introdução e gerenciamento de novas práticas nos sistemas nacionais de saúde. Este artigo analisou diferentes definições de MI e sua relação com as MAC, por meio de revisão sistemática da literatura no Medline, no período de 1996 a 2005. Foram utilizadas as palavras Integrative Medicine e selecionados 36 trabalhos que apresentaram definição de MI. Identificou-se que as MAC são parte da MI, e as definições abrangem: integração da medicina convencional com as MAC; utilização de evidências; combinação de antigos sistemas de cura com a biomedicina; valorização do relacionamento médico-paciente e da comunicação; consideração da pessoa por inteiro; e enfoque na saúde, na cura e na prevenção de doenças. Conclui-se que o crescente interesse de usuários, profissionais e gestores aponta a necessidade do desenvolvimento do modelo de MI, dando suporte à implementação e ao gerenciamento de novas práticas de cuidado e cura.

Práticas não convencionais em saúde por familiares e vínculos afetivos de pacientes críticos Unconventional health practices by family and affective bonds of critic patients

“…The alternative model of medicine is understood as the polar opposite of the biomedical model, because while biomedicine invests to develop the diagnostic dimension and to deepen the biological explanation, mainly with quantitative data, alternative medicine turns to the dimension of the therapeutics, focusing on the problems explained by lifestyle and environmental theories. 27 The disenchantment with the biomedical model or with conventional medicine leads many people to seek alternative forms of treatment in the health field. The alternative model of medicine is understood as the opposite pole of the biomedical model, because while biomedicine invests to develop the diagnostic dimension and deepen biological explanation, especially with quantitative data, alternative medicine turns to the therapeutic dimension, focusing on problems explained by theories regarding lifestyle and environment.…”

Uso de práticas integrativas e complementares por doulas em maternidades de Fortaleza (CE) e Campinas (SP)

“…The same way, the proposal of PICs favors the inclusion of integrative logic, which combines the "hard core" of several practices with quality, safety, and effectiveness, surpassing the excluding view (Barros, 2006). This conception seeks to offer full health care, and it is not a mere combination of conventional medicine with CAM, but rather a treatment based on evidence that is backed by scientific research (Otani et al, 2011).…”

“…The work of doulas was regulated in 2006 by the MH, through the publication of Ordinance 971, which created Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (National Policy of Integrative and Complementary Practices -PICs) with the scope of ensuring the prevention of illnesses, promoting and recovering health (Barros, 2006). These practices resume the search for simple therapeutic methods that seek the autonomy of being and of health (Tesser et al, 2008;Otani et al, 2011).…”

Acupuntura no Sistema Único de Saúde – uma análise nos diferentes instrumentos de gestão

“…In Brazil, the integration of these forms of treatment into the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde -SUS) is guided by the National Policy for Integrative and Complementary Practices (Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares -PNPIC) [1][2][3][4][5][6] . However, the availability and/or accessibility of acupuncture on the public health system remains limited due to a number of factors: lack of public funding for acupuncture; participation in this debate is largely restricted to government actors; lack of reference to acupuncture in key municipal health care management tools.…”