Avaliação dos fatores de risco relacionados à exposição ao chumbo em crianças e adolescentes do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

The importance of atmospheric lead in environmental global contamination is receiving increasing scientific attention. The main exposure monitoring approach is biological, but the environmental one has a key role, since the environment is the major source of exposure. The study aimed to identify the contamination sources and potential risk factors of the exposure in a 64 subject group formed by 0-16 years-old children from an economically deprived community in Rio de Janeiro. Lead concentrations in soil, water, dust and air were determined and neurological and carcinogenic risk factors for ingestion and inhalation were calculated. Blood samples were collected and used in the analysis of Pb-B, ALA-D% and ALA-D genotyping. The observed neurological risk factor was 549 times higher than reference dose for dust and 554 times higher in the case of ingestion. The carcinogenic risk factor for ingestion was about 4 times. Mean Pb-B was 5.6 microg/dL and 40% of the children presented Pb-B levels above the 6 microg/dL cutoff value. Mean ALA-D% was 40.3% and a correlation between Pb-B and ALA-D% was observed. ALAD1-2 genotype was identified in 10% of the children. The results will allow the understanding of our reality, supporting public health and environment organizations to carry out control actions and all-encompassing environmental surveillance.

Environmental lead poisoning among children in Porto Alegre state, Southern Brazil

“…The sources of lead among this population were related to local traffi c, industrial plants and house dust. 9 The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of environmental lead poisoning in children and to identify associated factors, as well as possible sources of lead contamination in the area.…”

Relação entre níveis de chumbo no colostro, consumo alimentar e características socioeconômicas de puérperas em Goiânia, Brasil

“…As baterias armazenadas, não recicladas, de carros e eletrônicos em geral constituem também uma fonte importante de chumbo (16). Na Áustria, pesquisadores encontraram níveis baixos de chumbo no leite materno maduro, de 1,63 µg/L, estando esses valores associados ao relato de fumo, consumo frequente de peixe e residência da mãe em cidades industrializadas (17 (14,15).…”

Children's Environment in Brazil: From Domestic (Indoor) to Regional Threats

“…[132] to identify the contamination sources and potential risk factors of the exposure in children from an economically deprived community crosssectional 40% Pb-S > 6μg/dL 5% Pb-S > 10 μg/dL 0-16 y SE male gender; the carcinogenic risk factor for ingestion was about 4 times; sociodemographic aspects: low income, sewer destiny, dust and contaminated soil. [136] to evaluate the condition of all children living in close proximity to a battery factory crosssectional 36,8% ≥ 10µg/dL/> neurological risk 0 -12 y SE blood lead levels in the control group were lower than those presented by the exposed group (p <0.05) 314 children with blood lead rates higher than those acceptable to the CDC (10μgPb / dl blood.…”

“…Sakuma et al [130] reported that contamination from lead in a former mining area may explain the higher urinary arsenic values among the children living nearly, despite the median arsenic values do not warrant immediate health concern. Conversely, researchers suggested relations among important imbalances in cognition and language in early childhood with indices of contamination for lead up 10.0μg/dl to 45.40μg/dl [135], and also neurological risk factor of exposure to lead on dust and by ingestion, in children from an economically deprived community [132] especially in those presenting pica and malnutrition [138].…”