Technological Characterization and Classification of Wheat Lineages Cultivated in the Cerrado Mineiro

Abstract

Farmers need highly productive wheat cultivars in order to reach better profitability. However, this alone is not enough, because, in order to serve the mills, the food industry, and more specifically, the bakers, wheat cultivars must present minimum quality requirements that result in final products of superior quality. This study was conducted with the goals of performing the technological characterization of wheat flour five lineages developed for cultivation in the Cerrado Mineiro; compare the flours of these lineages with the wheat flour of two commercial wheat cultivars, and classify the wheat lineages according to current Brazilian legislation. A completely randomized design was conducted with seven treatments and three replicates. Moisture, protein and ashes content, and the rheological characteristics of the flours were determined. The EP066066 lineage as rated was basic wheat. The EP066055, EP064021, EP062043 and EP063065 were rated as bread wheat. Among the studied lineages, the wheat flour from the EP062043 stood from the others, presenting considerable gluten contents, good level of mixing tolerance, good stability and good gluten strength. Index terms:Wheat flour; quality; alveography; farinography; legislation. RESUMOPara alcançar melhor rentabilidade, o produtor necessita de cultivares de trigo de alta produtividade. Porém, só isso não é suficiente, pois, para atender aos moinhos, à indústria de alimentos e, mais especificamente, aos panificadores, as cultivares de trigo devem apresentar requisitos mínimos de qualidade, para resultar em produtos finais também de qualidade superior. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de realizar a caracterização tecnológica da farinha de trigo de cinco linhagens de trigo desenvolvidas para o plantio no Cerrado Mineiro; comparar as farinhas dessas linhagens com a farinha de trigo de duas cultivares de trigo comerciais e a classificar as linhagens de trigo conforme a legislação brasileira vigente. Um delineamento, inteiramente casualizado, foi conduzido com sete tratamentos e três repetições. Foram determinados: a umidade, o conteúdo proteico e de cinzas e as características reológicas das farinhas. A linhagem EP066066 foi classificada como trigo básico. As linhagens EP066055, EP064021, EP062043 e EP063065 foram classificadas como trigo pão. Dentre as linhagens estudadas, a farinha de trigo da EP062043 se destacou das demais, apresentando consideráveis conteúdos de glúten, bom índice de tolerância à mistura, boa estabilidade e boa força de glúten.Termos para indexação: Farinha de trigo; qualidade; alveografia; farinografia; legislação.

Brazilian Cerrado wheat: Technological quality of genotypes grown in tropical locations

“…Brazilian research institutions have developed wheat seeds adapted to the Central Brazilian region, allowing high grain productivity (Madeira et al., 2015). In this region, wheat culture has been adapted under Cerrado conditions after massive research investments in terms of genetic improvement and integrated soil–water–nutrient–plant practices.…”