Características agronômicas e produção de fitomassa de milho verde em monocultivo e consorciado com leguminosas

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate agronomic characteristics and phytomass of corn in isolated and associated cultivation with leguminous plants. The corn cultivar DINA-170 was used. The experimental design was that of randomized blocks, with four repetitions. The treatments were the isolated cultivation of corn (Zea mays L.) and the associated cultivation corn with black velvet bean (Stizolobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy) and corn with jack beans (Canavalia ensiformes DC.). There were no significant differences between treatments for stand, corn-cob weight with straw, length, number, weight and percentage of commercial corn-cobs, corn-cob rate, yield of fresh and dry matter. The corn-cob diameter in the treatments with corn in isolated cultivation and in associated cultivation with black velvet beans was greater than in associated cultivation of corn with jack beans.INDEX TERMS: black velvet bean, jack beans, Zea mays L., consortium, dry matter, Stizolobium aterrimum, Canavalia ensiformes.

Water erosion in no-tillage monoculture and intercropped systems along contour lines

“…The lower effect of bean in erosion control was also observed for maize/bean intercrop, with soil loss 2.6 times higher than from maize monoculture. The lower effectiveness of bean in relation to maize for water erosion control can be explained by the different morphologies of the crops, in the aerial part of the plant as much as in the roots, according to Oliveira et al (2003). The shorter cycle of bean than maize also explains this result.…”

“…The effect of interception is well-known in management systems where the soil surface is left uncovered, for example, when the soil surface is tilled by plow and discs (Wischmeier & Smith, 1978). However, in no-tillage systems, where crop residues are left on the soil surface, this effect is the little importance, due in part, to soil cover by the crop canopy, as a result of differences in foliar density and in canopy height above the soil (Oliveira et al, 2003;Luciano et al, 2009). On the other hand, roots of different crops does differently influence soil aggregation, as mentioned by Baldissera (1985), , and Andrade et al (2010).…”

“…Plants differ in terms of biomass, influencing soil properties and protecting the soil against erosive agents, due to the dissipation of raindrop impact energy, by canopy and crop residues, and increasing soil resistance to furrowing, by the action of their roots (Baldissera, 1985;Oliveira et al, 2003;Luciano et al, 2009). …”

Sucessão entre cultivos orgânicos de milho e couve consorciados com leguminosas em plantio direto

“…adubação verde acrescenta nitrogênio e outros nutrientes ao agroecossistema (Silva et al, 2009), proporciona adequada cobertura do solo, reduzindo riscos de erosão, atenua a competição das plantas espontâneas com as culturas, contribuindo, ademais, para a biodiversidade funcional nas unidades de produção (Oliveira et al, 2003). Pesquisas sobre o consórcio simul-tâneo ou rotativo de adubos verdes com hortaliças são ainda restritas no Brasil.…”

Evapotranspiração e coeficientes de cultura do milho em monocultivo e em consórcio com a mucuna-cinza, usando lisímetros de pesagem

“…Dentre essas alternativas de manejo, a consorciação de culturas comercias com adubos verdes necessita da adequação das espécies empregadas e da compatibilização para a utilização da mesma área de cultivo. Os melhores resultados são verificados com a utilização de leguminosas, principalmente pelo aporte nutricional, adaptação às condições de luz, rápido crescimento inicial e pela supressão da vegetação espontânea (Heirinchs et al, 2002;Oliveira et al, 2003;Perin et al, 2007).…”