Abstract:RESUMO O sistema integrado com microalgas (MA) e wetland construído de fluxo vertical (wetland construído pós-microalgas - WCPMA) foi aplicado para a realização de ensaios de tratamento de efluentes no campus da Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, no Rio Grande do Sul (UNISC-RS). Águas negras e amarelas foram alimentadas para esse sistema em regime de batelada a partir de um tanque equalizador da estação de tratamento de efluentes da universidade, considerando tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH) de três dias par… Show more
“…The plant used in VFCW was the emerging macrophyte Hymenacne grumosa , a native species of the study region, abundant in the southern fields and widely used as animal food. The option for this native species is due to its high biomass production and its capability of achieve good results regarding the reduction of physicochemical parameters as described by Silveira et al ( 2019 ). Fig.…”
The present study evaluated the potential for biogas generation from microalgae (MA) biomass and macrophytes used in vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW). The samples were obtained by separation and collection of MA after a hydraulic retention time of 14 days, frozen and taken to the laboratory, while the macrophytes of VFCW were obtained, by pruning, every 6 months. The obtained results presented reductions of 63.22% and 61.18% for COD and BOD
5
, respectively, and removal efficiencies of 53.91% for TP and 99.98% de N-NH
3
. Average biogas generation was 2322.51 NmL-gSV
−1
with 54.61% CH
4
(winter/2019), 4491.47 Nml-gSV
−1
with 57.17% CH
4
(spring/2019), 680.78 NmL-gSV
−1
with 16.04% CH
4
(summer/2020), and 681.0 NmL-gSV
−1
with 19.86% CH
4
(autumn/2020) for MA biomass and generation of biogas of 3826.70 NmL-gSV
−1
with 44.26% CH
4
for VFCW biomass in winter and spring/2019 and of 829.68 NmL-gSV
−1
with 17.06% CH
4
in summer and autumn/2020. Regarding electricity generation, the present work obtained 1.50 kWh/m
3
, therefore reaching similar values to other studies that used more traditional biomass sources.
“…The plant used in VFCW was the emerging macrophyte Hymenacne grumosa , a native species of the study region, abundant in the southern fields and widely used as animal food. The option for this native species is due to its high biomass production and its capability of achieve good results regarding the reduction of physicochemical parameters as described by Silveira et al ( 2019 ). Fig.…”
The present study evaluated the potential for biogas generation from microalgae (MA) biomass and macrophytes used in vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW). The samples were obtained by separation and collection of MA after a hydraulic retention time of 14 days, frozen and taken to the laboratory, while the macrophytes of VFCW were obtained, by pruning, every 6 months. The obtained results presented reductions of 63.22% and 61.18% for COD and BOD
5
, respectively, and removal efficiencies of 53.91% for TP and 99.98% de N-NH
3
. Average biogas generation was 2322.51 NmL-gSV
−1
with 54.61% CH
4
(winter/2019), 4491.47 Nml-gSV
−1
with 57.17% CH
4
(spring/2019), 680.78 NmL-gSV
−1
with 16.04% CH
4
(summer/2020), and 681.0 NmL-gSV
−1
with 19.86% CH
4
(autumn/2020) for MA biomass and generation of biogas of 3826.70 NmL-gSV
−1
with 44.26% CH
4
for VFCW biomass in winter and spring/2019 and of 829.68 NmL-gSV
−1
with 17.06% CH
4
in summer and autumn/2020. Regarding electricity generation, the present work obtained 1.50 kWh/m
3
, therefore reaching similar values to other studies that used more traditional biomass sources.
“…Among the materials investigated, the aquatic macrophytes and out considering their natural presence in the environment ( González-García et al, 2020 ). The aquatic macrophyte Hymenachne grumosa belongs to the Poaceae family and is reported in the literature as presenting excellent results for using in constructed wetlands (CW), showing potential to remediate urban effluents ( Silveira et al, 2019 ).…”
The ongoing global spread of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 2019 disease) is causing an unprecedented repercussion on human health and the economy. Despite the primary mode of transmission being through air droplets and contact, the transmission via wastewater is a critical concern. There is a lack of techniques able to provide complete disinfection, along with the uncertainty related to the behavior of SARS-CoV-2 in the natural environment and risks of contamination. This fact makes urgent the research towards new alternatives for virus removal from water and wastewater. Thus, this research aimed to characterize new lost-cost adsorbents for SARS-CoV-2 using
Hymenachne grumosa
as a precursor and verify its potential for removing SARS-CoV-2 from the solution. The aquatic macrophyte
H. grumosa
had
in natura
and activated carbon produced with
H. grumosa
and zinc chloride (ZnCl
2,
1:1) impregnation and carbonization (700 °C, 1 h) were incubated for 24 h with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 viral suspension, and then the ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted and viral load quantified through reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) technique. The results demonstrated the great adsorption potential, achieving removal of 98.44% by
H. grumosa “in natura”
, and 99.61% by
H. grumosa
with carbon activation, being similar to commercial activated carbon (99.67%). Thus, this study highlights the possibility of low-cost biofilters to be used for SARS-CoV-2 removal, as an excellent alternative for wastewater treatment or watercourses decontamination.
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