Avaliação da geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos no estado de Goiás, Brasil: análise estatística de dados

Abstract

A definição do sistema de gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) mais adequado para um município passa, obrigatoriamente, pelo quantitativo de RSU gerados. O estado de Goiás enfrentava esse problema, pois alguns de seus municípios possuíam a informação do quantitativo de RSU produzidos, mas o estado não tinha um valor da geração total. Diante dessa questão, foi encaminhado um questionário aos municípios goianos em que se buscou obter informações acerca dos resíduos sólidos, dentre as quais a geração de RSU. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma análise estatística dos quantitativos de RSU que os municípios goianos, via questionário, disseram gerar e compará-los com quantitativos obtidos em estudos realizados em municípios do estado. Os resultados da produção fornecida pelos municípios apontaram que quanto menores os municípios, maior a geração per capita de RSU, o que vai de encontro às pesquisas científicas, que mostram que quanto maior a população, maior a produção por pessoa. Para municípios de até 50 mil habitantes, há diferenças significativas entre a geração dos questionários e a geração teórica; já para municípios com mais de 50 mil habitantes, os valores não são significativamente diferentes. Os dados dos questionários relevaram, ainda, que não há correspondência entre a geração per capita de RSU e o número de habitantes, outro dado contrário ao que define a teoria. De qualquer modo, foi possível mensurar os quantitativos de RSU gerados pelos municípios goianos, o que auxiliará na decisão sobre as tecnologias mais adequadas para gerir os RSU de Goiás.Palavras-chave: resíduos sólidos urbanos; análise estatística; testes paramétricos e não paramétricos; Goiás. ABSTRACTThe most suitable definition of a city' s municipal solid waste (MSW) management system is mandatorily related to the amount of MSW generated. The state of Goiás faced such problem, since some of its municipalities had their MSW production data, but the state did not have an overall generation number.Considering this scenario, a questionnaire was sent to the municipalities of Goiás requesting information on their solid waste, among which was the MSW generation. The aim of this study was to conduct a statistical analysis of the MSW amount the state' s municipalities have affirmed to generate, according to the questionnaires, and compare it with the quantitative data obtained in studies carried out in municipalities of the state. The results of the production provided by the municipalities have shown that the smaller the cities, the higher the generation of MSW per capita, a finding that goes against scientific research, which has proven that the larger the population, the higher the production per person. For municipalities with up to 50 thousand inhabitants, there are significant differences between the numbers presented in the questionnaires and those in the theoretical generation. On the other hand, municipalities with more than 50 thousand inhabitants don't have numbers so significantly different.The questionnaire data also revealed t...

Municipal Solid Waste in Goiás (Brazil): Current Scenario and Projections for the Future

“…In order to forecast the MSW quantity that will be generated in Goiás in 2040, two sets of information were used: i) the population estimation for each Goiás municipality (number of inhabitants), obtained from the methodology described in section 3.1, and ii) generation per capita of MSW for each municipality of Goiás (in kg.inhab -1 .day -1 ), according to Colvero et al (2017).…”

“…The generation per capita of MSW for each municipality of Goiás was defined based on two sets of information (Colvero et al, 2017): i) based on primary data from the questionnaire answered by the municipalities of Goiás in 2012 and 2013, and ii) data obtained from literature about studies carried out in Goiás municipalities with different numbers of inhabitants (Table 1). The generation per capita of MSW was arranged by population ranges (Colvero et al, 2017), according to Table 1.…”

“…The generation per capita of MSW was arranged by population ranges (Colvero et al, 2017), according to Table 1.…”

“…According to data of the Department of Environment, Water Resources, Infrastructure, Cities and Metropolitan Affairs -SECIMA/GO, only 15 of 246 municipalities in the State have licensed landfills (SECIMA/GO, 2015). In these landfills, it is disposed the MSW of 16 municipalities of Goiás, because Cidade Ocidental shares its waste disposal system with Valparaíso de Goiás, neighboring municipality (Colvero et al, 2015). The remaining municipalities in the State send the produced MSW for unlicensed landfills and dumps.…”

“…In addition to the inadequate provisions, according to a survey conducted directly with the municipalities of Goiás (via questionnaires answered by municipal managers in 2012 and 2013, as noticed by Colvero et al (2017), and concerning the implementation of MSW management services, waste collection is made by the city councils in 87 % of municipalities of Goiás. The remaining 13% were collected by a company contracted to carry out the service.…”