Municipal Solid Waste in Goiás (Brazil): Current Scenario and Projections for the Future

Abstract

The production of municipal solid waste (MSW) has increased annually worldwide. This situation can be verified in the municipalities of Brazil, that produce more MSW and have difficulty in managing their waste resulting in harmful consequences for the environment and ecosystems. For instance, in the State of Goiás, most of the produced MSW are sent to dumps. In this context, the goal of this study was to create a projection for the amount of MSW that will be generated in each of the 246 municipalities of Goiás by 2040. To do so, a population projection from 2015 to 2040 was done, alongside its correspondent MSW production and identification of the current MSW managing systems in the State. Results show that, by 2040, Goiás will have more than 8.7 million inhabitants, 32% more than 2015. However, 88% of the municipalities will continue to have less than 50 thousand inhabitants. The municipalities of bigger dimension, on the other hand, will be concentrated mainly in the Goiânia Metropolitan area and surroundings of the Federal District regions. In terms of MSW production, an increase of about 35% in waste generation is estimated for 2040 when compared to 2015. In 2040, the Goiânia Metropolitan, surroundings of the Federal District and the Southwest regions of Goiás will produce 70% of the State MSW. Regarding the produced MSW technological routes, in 2015 about 70% of the State waste went to either unlicensed landfills or dumps, while 8% did not even get collected, having ended up in wastelands or waterways. Considering this panorama in Goiás, what will be the management of MSW in 2040 if nothing is done?

Dynamic evaluation method for planning sustainable landfills using GIS and multi-criteria in areas of urban sprawl with land-use conflicts

“…The population projection plays a significant part in planning future infrastructure [43,44] and was regarded as an indicator of how the municipalities will grow, occupy more space, and produce more waste. Thus, waste facilities need to be planned in advance, based on population projection for the greater Maputo area, to effectively prevent social and environmental disturbances.…”

“…The population projection data was collected at the National Institute of Statistics of Mozambique [30]. The estimation of population until the year 2037 was based on the arithmetic projection method, which is useful if considering the population growth at a constant rate at a relatively short time (Eq 1, based on [44]). The population density of the year 2017 was equally calculated and compared to that of 2037 to estimate the evolution of potential waste disposal scenarios.…”