Influência do combustível (diesel e biodiesel) e das características da frota de veículos do transporte coletivo de Curitiba, Paraná, nas emissões de NOx

Abstract

The public transportation system in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, is recognized by its innovative solutions; and is a model for Brazil. In this work, the influence of fuel (diesel and biodiesel) and the conditions of the public transport vehicle fleet of Curitiba in NOx emissions was assessed, and this is a pioneered initiative. A total of 188 vehicles (9.7% of the total) with engines of 7 and 12 L were selected, named B7R, B10M, B12M and B215RH, and measurements of NO and NO 2 were performed in the exhaust output. In relation to the type of fuel, the emissions of NO and NO 2 for biodiesel (B100) were, respectively, 37 and 26% superior to the values observed with the fuel diesel (S10). Comparing the engines B12M with up to 3 and 10 years of operation, the average emissions of NOx were close to 40% higher. Thus, it was possible to observe that the biodiesel vehicles had higher NOx emissions when compared with diesel vehicles in similar conditions of operation and engine wear time. Therefore, although the use of biodiesel brings environmental advantages, as renewable fuel, new technologies and devices must be developed to control emissions of NO and NO 2 in engines that use this type of fuel. For future works the authors recommend tests on dynamometer to simulate NOx emission in diesel and biodiesel engine in different conditions of charge and engine speed.

A Simple Method for Extraction of Ricinus Communis L Oil and its Application for Biodiesel Production by Ethylic Route

“…BR, the presence of carbon black was practically not verified at the end of the process, a fact that demonstrates the advantage of using BR in terms of the impacts of emissions when compared to DP. In this way, this observations are in agreement with works that reported in theirs studies that fuels like, ethanol and biodiesel release less pollutants than crude oil derivatives [23].…”

A influência da renovação da frota de veículos na qualidade do ar na região central de Curitiba

“…Verificou-se que na estação CIC, além de os picos de concentração de poluentes coincidirem com os picos de maior tráfego de veículos, entre 5h00 e 10h00 pela manhã e entre 17h00 e 21h00 à tarde, os índices de CO, PTS e PI ficaram elevados devido à influência da poluição gerada pelas indústrias localizadas nessa região. Outro ponto a ser observado é a maior concentração de NO 2 na região da Estação Ouvidor Pardinho, que se deve, segundo Ribas et al (2016) e Souza, Silva e Silva (2013), ao maior tráfego de ônibus (veículos movidos a diesel e que produzem como principal poluente o NO 2 ). Concluiu-se, assim, que a estação PAR é a mais representativa da poluição automotiva na região em estudo.…”

São Paulo’s atmospheric pollution reduction and its social isolation effect, Brazil

“…From this total, almost 25% reside in São Paulo City, 1521 km 2 in area, correlated with the largest vehicle fleet in the country, exceeding 8 million vehicles (~ 90% light vehicles) (Dapper et al 2016 ; Silva et al 2017 ; Koga et al 2020 ; Ministério da infraestrutura 2020 ). Given this perspective, the emission of NO (nitrogen monoxide) and NO 2 (nitrogen dioxide), which are pollutants derived directly from the burning of fossil fuels, stands out as major air pollutants in urbanized areas (Ribas et al 2016 ). Regarding NO X levels, NO 2 can also be formed in the atmosphere from chemical reactions of NO with oxidizing compounds, which implies higher concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in urban zones (Casqueiro-Vera et al 2019 ; Yao et al 2019 ; Zhang et al 2020 ).…”