Uso de substâncias psicoativas entre estudantes de Goianá, MG

Abstract

ResumoO objetivo foi avaliar o consumo de substâncias psicoativas entre estudantes, do ensino fundamental e médio, da rede pública de ensino do município de Goianá, Minas Gerais. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, transversal, utilizando um instrumento desenvolvido pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Participaram 415 estudantes, 57,1% do Ensino Fundamental e 42,9% do Ensino Médio, sendo 49,4% do sexo feminino e 47,5% do masculino, predominando a faixa etária de 13 a 15 anos e a classe social C. O álcool foi a substância mais utilizada entre os jovens, tendo uso inicial precoce, assim como nos levantamentos nacionais. Sobre o uso na vida, as substâncias mais relatadas foram: solventes, anfetamínicos, ansiolíticos, maconha e alucinógenos. As mulheres apresentaram maior padrão de uso de substâncias psicoativas ilícitas na vida, no ano, no mês, uso freqüente e uso pesado. Em comparação com a capital mineira, foi observado um menor uso de maconha e cocaína entre os estudantes de Goianá. A pesquisa aponta a necessidade de formulação de políticas públicas, considerando particularidades locais e a importância de novos estudos que ampliem a discussão sobre o uso de substâncias psicoativas. Palavras-chave: epidemiologia; estudantes; psicotrópicos AbstractUse of psychoactive substances among students from Goianá, MG, Brazil. The aim was to evaluate the prevalence of the consumption of psychoactive substances among students from the public school in Goianá, Minas Gerais. A descriptive, cross sectional study was performed using a structured questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization. The participants were 415 students, 57.1% were elementary school students and 42.9% were high school students. 49.4% were female and 47.5% were male. The majority of the students were 13-15 years old and from the C social class. Alcohol was the substance most frequently used among the young people (64.6%), as the prevalence founded in the national sample. The main used substances were: solvents (11.1%), amphetamines (2.9%), anxyolitics (2.9%), cannabis (2.7%) and hallucinogens (1.4%). Women presented a higher pattern of use for the illicit psychoactive substances. The Goianá students presented a lower consumption of marijuana and cocaine in comparison with students from Belo Horizonte, the state capital. The epidemiologic research points to the necessity of formulating public policies, considering local particularities.

Contexto familiar e uso de drogas entre adolescentes em tratamento

“…The authors highlight the user's predisposition to developing dependency early in life, as well as to psychological and cognitive damage at this stage in life. Such early use was also found in a study conducted with students in Goianá, MG, as the majority reported having used PS between thirteen and fifteen years of age (45.1%), followed by between ten and twelve years of age (24.6%) (13) . Other studies with adolescent PS users undergoing treatment have found similar ages to those of this study (5,7) .…”

“…The prevalence of heavy use, 20 times or more within the last month, among the adolescents may predispose them to develop dependence, in addition to constant use leading to serious effects on all spheres of their lives. The heavy use found in 56.8% of adolescents in this study attracts attention given the seriousness of this type of use at such a young age, especially when compared with the findings for school pupils, in which the prevalence of heavy use ranges from 2.2% for illegal substances to 8.2% for legal substances (11,13) . As for variables related to the family context, it was observed that 58.1% of the adolescents lived in step families with the presence of only one of their parents.…”

“…Another aspect concerning the predominance of males at the CAPS ad concerned the prejudice against females using PS, making it more difficult to seek treatment. However, despite the lower levels of females seeking treatment, studies have shown the increased PS use among women (11)(12)(13) . In this study, the predominant age group was single 14 to 17-year-olds, explained because this is a service specifically for adolescents.…”

Prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use among Brazilian adolescents: a systematic review

“…Of the 28 studies evaluating current alcohol use among adolescents, 21.4% had prevalence of less than 30%, 15,36,44,47,59,61 and 28.6% had prevalence rates of 50% or higher. 12,29,31,44,54,56,60,61 The prevalence of current tobacco use was evaluated in 30 studies ( Figure 3). The prevalence rates ranged from 2.4% 57 to 22.0%, 41 and the mean prevalence of current tobacco use was 9.3%.…”

Prevalência do consumo de álcool, tabaco e entorpecentes por estudantes de medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

“…Differences may be detected even between similar populations. Studies performed in various Brazilian states have revealed distinct results on several aspects 25,26 .…”