Imunologia da paracoccidioidomicose

Abstract

Paracoccidioidomycosis is the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America, among immunecompetent patients. It's caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioiddes brasiliensis. Investigations regarding its immunopathogenesis are very important in the understanding of aspects related to natural history, as the protective immunity, and the relationship between host and parasite; also favoring the knowledge about clinical patterns and the elaboration of therapeutic strategies. The disease clinical polymorphism depends, at least, of the immune response profile according to the tissue and blood released citokynes, resulting in tissue damage. Keywords: Allergy and immunology; Cytokines; Paracoccidioides; Paracoccidioidomycosis Resumo: Paracoccidioidomicose é a mais prevalente micose sistêmica na América Latina, em pacientes imunocompetentes, sendo causada pelo fungo dimórfico Paracoccidioiddes brasiliensis. O estudo da sua imunopatogênese é importante na compreensão de aspectos relacionados à história natural, como a imunidade protetora, e à relação entre hospedeiro e parasita, favorecendo o entendimento clínico e a elaboração de estratégias terapêuticas. O polimorfismo clínico da doença depende, em última análise, do perfil de resposta imune que prevalece expresso pelo padrão de citocinas teciduais e circulantes, além da qualidade da resposta imune desencadeada, que levam ao dano tecidual.

Paracoccidioidomycosis in a western Brazilian Amazon State: Clinical-epidemiologic profile and spatial distribution of the disease

“…According to Fortes et al 1 , P. brasiliensis infection is not closely related to host immunodefi ciency. However, cases associated with HIV infection, cancer and organ transplantation have been reported.…”

Fatal septic shock caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis phylogenetic species S1 in a young immunocompetent patient: a case report

“…The severity of this case can likely be ascribed to an exacerbated host response against the pathogen, as demonstrated by the immunological analysis, which presented a remarkable cell activation profile without a satisfactory T cell regulation response 10,11 . Notably, the patient showed a diminished percentage of peripheral blood T regulatory cells in comparison with healthy individuals (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+=11.1%).…”

<b>Influence of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid in the Proliferative Activity of Lymphocytes During Experimental Infection with <i>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

“…P. brasiliensis induces an inflammatory response that leads to the formation of granulomas containing a compact collection of cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system, which is the location of the primary lesion in PCM in order to contain and destroy the fungi and prevent its spread. Macrophages and CD4 + T lymphocytes assume central importance in the morphogenesis of the inflammatory process and the synergistic action of these cells is important in the formation and modulation of the granulomas (Ruas et al, 2009;Sadahiro, Diogo, Oshiro, & Shikanai-Yasuda, 2007;Arruda et al, 2002;Romano, Mendes-Giannini, Duarte, & Benard, 2002;Fortes, Kurokawa, Marques, Miot, & Marques, 2011). The CD8 lymphocytes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary PCM, because these cells were found in patients with PCM along with pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by alveolar macrophages and specific P. brasiliensis antibodies (Chiarella et al, 2007;Fornazim et al, 2003).…”