A peridomestic population of the tsetse fly Glossina palpalis palpalis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Glossinidae) at Kontagora town, Niger state, Nigeria

Abstract

ResumoUma população peridoméstica de moscas tsetse Glossina palpalis palpalis Robineau-Desvoydy, 1830 (Diptera: Glossinidae) na cidade de Kontagora, estado de Niger, Nigéria -O artigo aborda alguns aspectos das populações peridomésticas das moscas tse-tsé Glossina palpalis palpalis Robinezu-Desvoidy, 1830 em Kontagora, Nigéria. Foi caracterizado um comportamento anormal deste vetor e que é de importância epidemiológica significante. Dados sobre a ecologia foram obtidos em 1995 e 1999. Os resultados indicam que esse vetor ocorre durante as estações seca e chuvosa; aproximadamente 30% dos exemplares estavam repletos de sangue, resultando em um MHS de 2,4, indicando uma população bem alimentada. Dissecação de pares inseminados indicam uma porcentagem de fertilidade de aproximadamente 30% e 70% nas estações seca e chuvosa e, a presença de todos os 4 estágios de fertilidade sugere que os criadouros se mantém em ambas as estações. A longevidade das moscas é de aproximadamente 16 dias na estação seca e 25 dias na chuvosa. Os resultados mostram que a relação vetor/hospedeiro é alta e que a população das moscas tem se adaptado, se desenvolvendo ativamente na área estudada. O índice de infecção de 18,2% consiste de uma tipo-brucei e 5 tipo-vivax. São discutidas as implicações na saúde pública da grande proximidade dos hospedeiros AbstractThe present article considers some aspects of a peridomestic population of the tsetse fly Glossina palpalis palpalis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 in Kontagora, Nigeria. This situation characterizes an abnormal behaviour of the vector, and it is of significant epidemiological importance. Data on the ecology of this species were collected in 1995 and 1999. The results indicated that the species exists during both dry and wet seasons; approximately 30.0% of the catches were gorged with blood giving a MHS of 2.4, indicating a well-nourished population. Dissection of inseminated pars indicated pregnancy rates of approximately 30.0% and 70.0% in the dry and wet seasons and the presence of all 4 stages of pregnancy, suggesting that breeding occurs at both seasons. Longevity of flies was approximately 16 days in dry season and 25 days in the wet season. Overall results indicated that vector/host contact was high and the fly population has adapted and actively breeding in the area. Trypanosome infection rates of 18.2% consist of 1 brucei-type and 5 vivax-type infections. The public health implications of the close proximity of the wild natural reservoir hosts of the human T. b. gambiense Dutton, 1902 parasites at the Kainji Wild Life park is discussed.

Feeding Patterns and Xenomonitoring of Trypanosomes among Tsetse Flies around the Gashaka-Gumti National Park in Nigeria

“…The species of tsetse flies we reported in our study were earlier reported in the same region by Karshima et al [ 23 ] and in other parts of Nigeria [ 24 , 25 ] and were among the first eleven species of tsetse flies reported in Nigeria [ 26 ]. Glossina palpalis was predominantly higher than G. tachinoides in line with earlier reports [ 25 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Catch Composition of Tsetse Flies (<i>Glossina: Glossinidae</i>)

“…However, this finding is in contrast to the finding of Ahmed (2004) who observed older population in Kontagora town, Nigeria.…”

“…In this present study, the frequency of encounter of pregnancy stages of flies in the first and second instar larvae was same, hence contradict this order. A similar observation was made by Mohammed-Ahmed et al (1993) and Ahmed (2004).…”

Presence of Trypanosome Species and Anemic Status of Dogs in Zuru, Nigeria

“…The detection of Trypanosoma brucei trypanosomes in the current study is in agreement with Anene et al (16), who reported that Trypanosoma brucei is the predominant species involved in canine trypanosomiasis in Nigeria. The presence of trypanosomes in the study area can be attributed to factors such as the unrestricted movement of dogs through commercial purposes, hunting expeditions into endemic areas and existence of Glossina palpalis palpalis both in the wet and dry seasons in areas where hunting expeditions normally take place (17).…”

“…The people in the study area are predominantly crop farmers whose activities are restricted to the short period of rainfall. The long dry season is used mainly for hunting in which the expeditions takes them south, where tsetse flies abound (17). The study therefore investigated possible incursion of trypanosomes to the study area through dogs.…”