Sobrevivência de operárias de Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) isoladas do formigueiro e alimentadas com dietas artificiais

Bueno, Odair Corrêa; Morini, Maria Santina de Castro; Pagnocca, Fernando Carlos; Hebling, M. J. A.; Silva, Osvaldo A.

doi:10.1590/s0301-80591997000100015

Cited by 38 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Insect bioassays: the bacterial bioassays against A. lundi were performed using two types of diet (described by Bueno et al, 1997) as a first step to assess the insects' longevity. The solid diet (SD) consisted of 5.0% glucose, 1.0% bacteriological peptone, 0.1% yeast extract, and 1.5% bacteriological grade agar.…”

Section: Samples Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from two species of Acromyrmex (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

et al. 2003

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The control of Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants is necessary due to the severe damage they cause to diverse crops. A possibility was to control them using the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) that characteristically produces insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs). The ICPs have been effective in controlling lepidopterans, dipterans, and coleopterans, but their action against hymenopterans is unknown. This paper describes an attempt to isolate Bt from ants of two Acromyrmex species, to evaluate its pathogenicity towards these ants, and to test isolates by PCR. Bacterial isolates of Bt obtained from A. crassispinus and A. lundi have been assayed against A. lundi in the laboratory. The bioassays were carried out in BOD at 25°C, with a 12-hour photoperiod, until the seventh day after treatment. The Bt isolates obtained were submitted to total DNA extraction and tested by PCR with primers specific to cry genes. The results showed Bt presence in 40% of the assessed samples. The data from the in vivo assays showed a mortality rate higher than 50% in the target population, with the Bt HA48 isolate causing 100% of corrected mortality. The PCR results of Bt isolates showed a magnification of DNA fragments relative to cry1 genes in 22% of the isolates, and cry9 in 67%. Cry2, cry3, cry7, and cry8 genes were not detected in the tested samples, and 22% had no magnified DNA fragments corresponding to the assessed cry genes. The results are promising not only regarding allele identification in new isolates, but also fort the assays aimed at determining the Bt HA48 LC 50 's, which can eventually be applied in controlling of Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants.Key words: bioassay, leaf-cutting ants, Bacillus thuringiensis. RESUMO Patogenicidade de Bacillus thuringiensis isolados de duas espécies deAcromyrmex (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)O controle das formigas-cortadeiras do gênero Acromyrmex é necessário em razão dos severos danos que causam a diversas culturas. Uma alternativa é a utilização da bactéria Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), caracterizada pela produção de proteínas inseticidas eficazes para lepidópteros, dípteros e coleópteros, mas cuja ação é ainda desconhecida para himenópteros. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo isolar Bt a partir de formigas de duas espécies de Acromyrmex, avaliar sua patogenicidade a formigas-cortadeiras e testar por PCR.

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Section: Samples Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from two species of Acromyrmex (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

et al. 2003

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“…As placas foram mantidas em estufa para B.O.D. à temperatura de 24 ºC ± 1 ºC, com umidade relativa de no mínimo 70% e as formigas foram mantidas com dietas alimentares sólidas segundo Bueno et al 16 .…”

Section: Ensaios De Ação Inseticida Tópica Sobre Atta Sexdensunclassified

Extrações de óleos de sementes de citros e suas atividades sobre a formiga cortadeira Atta sexdens e seu fungo simbionte

Fernandes¹,

David²,

Facchini³

et al. 2002

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 23/10/01; aceito em 7/3/02 CITRUS SEED OILS EXTRACTIONS AND THEIR ACTIVITY AGAINST LEAF CUTTING ANT Atta sexdens AND ITS SYMBIOTIC FUNGUS. Seeds Citrus oils (C. sinensis, C. limon and C. reticulata) extraction with hexane in a soxhlet apparatus and through supercritical fluid (CO 2 ) were done. Besides triglycerides, the oils obtained with hexane comprised volatile compounds such as terpenes and fatty alcohols, esters, and aldehydes. However, the oils obtained by extraction with supercritical fluid presented only triglycerides. These results indicate that the extraction using supercritical fluid presents better selectivity. The activity of the oils on the development of the ant symbiotic fungus, Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, showed week activity and the topic insecticide assay showed better activity for the tangerine seed oil.Keywords: supercritical fluid extraction; Citrus oils; ants. INTRODUÇÃOA produção de frutos cítricos no Brasil tem aumentado nos últi-mos vinte anos, passando de 40 para 260 milhões de caixas, levando o Brasil a ser o líder mundial em exportação de suco de laranja concentrado, com a participação de 71% do mercado internacional 1,2 . Sementes secas, sem o tegumento (cerca de 60% do peso total), podem produzir entre 50 a 55% de óleo. Esta percentagem pode variar em função da espécie de fruto e da técnica usada para extração. A extração com hexano produz geralmente de 30 a 35% de óleo, mas pode chegar a 57%. Laranjas do tipo valenciana produzem 0,317 kg de sementes por caixa (cerca de 40,8 kg) e a indústria processa 200.000 caixas por mês, o que equivale a 63.400 kg de sementes por mês ou 760.800 kg por ano 3 . Atualmente, as sementes e as cascas de citros são misturadas com bagaço e são empregados como complemento para alimentação animal. Portanto, a utilização de sub-produtos da indús-tria de citros é altamente desejável. Os componentes das sementes devem ser melhor estudados a fim de se obter seus constituintes puros ou frações que tenham alto valor agregado.Tradicionalmente, para se extrair o óleo de sementes vegetais empregam-se extrações com solventes orgânicos ou por prensagem das sementes, sendo que este último processo produz menor quantidade que o primeiro. Extração usando fluido supercrítico é relatada na literatura, sendo o fluido de CO 2 o mais utilizado e a extração é dependente da pressão, temperatura e da granulação do pó das sementes 4 . A associação mutualística entre a formiga cortadeira Atta sexdens (saúva limão) e o fungo Leucoagaricus gongilophorus é muito forte e existe uma total dependência entre ambos. Nesta interação as formigas usam vegetais frescos para o desenvolvimento do fungo e para a própria alimentação 6 e, de acordo com Fisher e colaboradores 7,8 e Quinlan e Cherrett 9 , o fungo constitui a única fonte de alimento para as larvas das formigas, além de fornecer cerca de 9% da energia necessária para as operárias das formigas 10 . As formigas cortadeiras constituem sério problema à agricultura brasileira 5 e elas têm sido controladas, principalmente, ...

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“…During the assays the ants were maintained on an artificial diet prepared with glucose (50 g L -1 ), bacto-peptone (10 g L -1 ), yeast extract (1.0 g L -1 ) and agar (15 g L -1 ) in distilled water (100 mL). 23 The diet (0.4-0.5 g per dish) with the addition of compounds (experiment) or without (control) were offered daily in a small plastic cap. The control was prepared with the diet and the solvent.…”

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confidence: 99%

Limonoids from Cipadessa fruticosa and Cedrela fissilis and their insecticidal activity

Leite¹,

Bueno²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2005

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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O estudo químico dos frutos de Cipadessa fruticosa (Meliaceae) permitiu o isolamento dos limonóides cipadesina B (inédito) e swietemahonolídeo. Das raízes de Cedrela fissilis (Meliaceae) foi isolado o limonóide 3β-acetoxicarapina, inédito como produto natural, juntamente com os triterpenos ácido oleanólico e ácido oleanônico. Estes compostos, e outros seis mexicanolídeos anteriormente isolados de C. fruticosa, apresentaram atividade inseticida para as formigas cortadeiras Atta sexdens rubropilosa.The chemical investigation of the fruits of Cipadessa fruticosa (Meliaceae) afforded the new limonoid cipadesin B and the known swietemahonolide. From the roots of Cedrela fissilis (Meliaceae) were isolated the limonoid 3β-acetoxycarapin, new as natural product, along with the triterpenes oleanolic and oleanonic acid. These compounds and other six mexicanolide limonoids previously isolated from C. fruticosa showed insecticidal activity against the leafcutting ants Atta sexdens rubropilosa. Keywords: Cedrela fissilis, Cipadessa fruticosa, limonoids, triterpenes, insecticidal activity IntroductionCipadessa fruticosa Blume (Meliaceae) is widely cultivated in the southwest of China. This plant has been reported to contain ent-clerodanes and labdanes diterpenoids, 1,2 limonoids, sterols, sesquiterpenoids, heneicosene derivatives and one coumarin. 3,4 We have recently reported the isolation of six mexicanolide limonoids from this plant. 5 Cedrela fissilis Vell. (Meliaceae) is a valuable tree of timber industry. In Brazil, it can be found from Amazon forest up to north of Espírito Santo State. Previous investigation of fruits and seeds from this species afforded the limonoids fissinolide, mexicanolide and 3β-hydroxyisomexicanolide. 6 In a recent investigation we have isolated several gedunin limonoids from C. fissilis. 7 Extracts and fractions from C. fruticosa and C. fissilis have been shown activity on leaf-cutting workers Atta sexdens rubropilosa. 8,9 Thus, the aim of this work was the chemical investigation of these Meliaceae species associated with biological assays against Atta sexdens rubropilosa. The study of the fruits of C. fruticosa allowed the isolation of a new mexicanolide limonoid: cipadesin B (1) and the known swietemahonolide (2). The limonoid 3β-acetoxycarapin (3) isolated from fruits of C. fissilis, is new as natural product and its spectral data are being described for the first time. The triterpenes oleanolic acid (4) and oleanonic acid (5) were also isolated from C. fissilis. The evaluation of the activity on leaf-cutting ants of these compounds, along with the following mexicanolide limonoids previously isolated from C. fruticosa: cipadesin A (6), ruageanin A (7), cipadesin (8), khayasin T (9), febrifugin (10) and mexicanolide (11) Extraction and isolation of compoundsThe powdered air-dried fruits (990 g) of C. fruticosa were subsequently extracted with hexane, CH 2 Cl 2 and MeOH. The concentrated CH 2 Cl 2 extract (10.9 g) was submitted to vacuum chromatography over silica gel using a hexane-CH 2 Cl 2 ...

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Sobrevivência de operárias de Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) isoladas do formigueiro e alimentadas com dietas artificiais

Cited by 38 publications

References 4 publications

Pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from two species of Acromyrmex (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from two species of Acromyrmex (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Extrações de óleos de sementes de citros e suas atividades sobre a formiga cortadeira Atta sexdens e seu fungo simbionte

Limonoids from Cipadessa fruticosa and Cedrela fissilis and their insecticidal activity

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