Propiedades físico-mecánicas de tableros terciados construidos con especies tropicales de plantaciones para uso estructural

Abstract

RESUMEN:En Costa Rica, el concreto, el acero y los plásticos son los materiales más utilizados para construcción. Mientras que por otro lado la utilización de madera de plantaciones forestales se ha incrementado en los últimos años. Ante tal situación en el presente estudio, fueron determinadas las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de tableros terciados manufacturados con chapas de Gmelina arborea, Tectona grandis y Acacia mangium provenientes de plantaciones forestales para usos estructurales. Se analizaron tres tableros (plywood) de cada una de las especies, se realizó una caracterización general y se midieron sus principales propiedades físicas y mecánicas. Los resultados mostraron que los tableros producidos con árboles de T. grandis en general presentan propiedades físicas y de resistencia superiores a las de G. arborea y A. mangium. De acuerdo con las normas del Voluntary Products Standart PS 1-95 y PS 1-09 de los Estados Unidos, es posible producir tableros estructurales de grado 3 con G. arborea, y grado 2 estructural con T. grandis y A. mangium, los cuales pueden ser usados en la fabricación de elementos estructurales.Palabras-clave: Madera de plantación, resistencia, productos terciados, compuestos de madera. PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PLYWOOD PANELS MANUFACTURES WITH TROPICAL PLANTATION SPECIES FOR STRUCTURAL USE

Mechanical performance in flexure for two spans of trusses from Hieronyma alchorneoides and Gmelina arborea woods fastened with nails and screws

“…The G. arborea has been extensively studied, and a series of qualities for structural purposes are attributed to it. Meanwhile, H. alchorneoides has been used for commercial reforestation in Costa Rica, and the study of its lumber from forest plantations has revealed high values of structural strength (Moya 2004, Moya et al 2009, Malavassi 2010, Serrano & Moya 2011, Tenorio et al 2012, Moya et al 2013, Tenorio et al 2016, Moya & Tenorio 2017 Apart from the scarcity of information on the use of plantation timbers, especially G. arborea and H. alchorneoides, there is lack of knowledge about their structural properties for truss fabrication. In the case of G. arborea wood from plantation trees, it has been shown that it can be satisfactorily employed in the fabrication of I-joists or as web part in I-joists (Moya et al 2013, Paniagua & Moya 2014, Tenorio et al 2014.…”

“…In green condition, the lumber was 7.5 cm wide and 2.5 cm thick. The lumber was dried in an experimental oven following the drying schedule detailed in Muñoz and Moya (2008) for G. arborea, and the schedule detailed by Tenorio et al (2016) for H. alchorneoides. A target moisture content of 14% was established for both species.…”

Evaluation of Physico-Mechanical Properties of Wood-Plastic Boards Produced in Cuba Compared to Conventional Boards

“…Tenorio, Moya and Camacho (2012) state that density is an important factor that can determine the physico-mechanical properties of a composite or board. Studies conducted by Poblete (2001) show that increased board density provides increased bend and tensile strength, and in turn promotes decreased water absorption and increased expansion, both linear and in thickness, aspects matching the physico-mechanical properties of the WP boards.…”

Wood Particleboards Reinforced With Thermoplastics to Improve Thickness Swelling and Mechanical Properties

“…Controlling the physical properties ensures product quality for a particular use, because many conventional panels, such as medium-density fiberboard (MDF), oriented strand board (OSB) and particleboard suffer considerable dimensional deformation, which limits their application in outdoor conditions. However, technical term, for wood plastic composite (WPC) weathering conditions do not cause significant damage, allowing a wide range of applications (Tenorio et al, 2012).…”