The influence of Chromium supplied by tanning and wet finishing processes on the formation of cr(vi) in leather

Fuck, Wagner Fernando; Gutterres, Mariliz; Marcílio, Nilson Romeu; Bordingnon, S.

doi:10.1590/s0104-66322011000200006

Cited by 39 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Similar findings have been reported in the literature . The oxidation by radicals from certain lipids in leather can increase the amount of Cr(VI) detected in phosphate buffer . Released reducing species can, on the other hand, reduce the Cr(VI) content in phosphate buffer .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium released from leather – I: exposure conditions that govern the release of chromium(III) and chromium(VI)

2015

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BackgroundApproximately 1–3% of the adult population in Europe is allergic to chromium (Cr). A new restriction in REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) based on the ISO 17075 standard has recently been adopted in the EU to limit Cr(VI) in consumer and occupational leather products.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to critically assess key experimental parameters in this standard on the release of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) and their relevance for skin exposure.Material and methodsFour differently tanned, unfinished, leather samples were systematically investigated for their release of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in relation to surface area, key exposure parameters, temperature, ultraviolet irradiation, and time.ResultsAlthough the total release of Cr was largely unaffected by all investigated parameters, except exposure duration and temperature, the Cr oxidation state was highly dynamic, with reduced amounts of released Cr(VI) with time, owing to the simultaneous release of reducing agents from the leather. Significantly more Cr(III) than Cr(VI) was released from the Cr-tanned leather for all conditions tested, and it continued to be released in artificial sweat up to at least 1 week of exposure.ConclusionsSeveral parameters were identified that influenced the outcome of the ISO 17075 test.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium released from leather – I: exposure conditions that govern the release of chromium(III) and chromium(VI)

2015

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“…The ecological performances of leathers treated with amphiphilic copolymers and the conventional fatliquor SS were characterized by dichloromethane extraction ratio and hexavalent chromium content, which represents the transference resistance and oxidation resistance respectively, 16,24 as shown in Figures 7 and 8. Figure 7 shows that the dichloromethane extraction ratio of leathers treated with amphiphilic copolymers are all below 2.5%.…”

Section: Ecological Performancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphiphilic acrylate copolymer fatliquor for ecological leather: Influence of molecular weight on performances

Shi

Peng

2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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With increasing demand for ecological leather, ecological fatliquors with good comprehensive properties are getting more and more attention. The amphiphilic acrylate copolymer containing both hydrophilic (carboxyl) and hydrophobic (long alkyl) groups is one of the main alternatives to conventional fatliquors. In this paper, a series of poly(acrylic acid-co-stearyl acrylate) with different relative molecular weights were prepared, and the influence of the molecular weight on their application performances were evaluated. The results show that lower relative molecular weight of copolymers is conducive to the penetration and absorption, and it improves the softness and fiber separation of leather. When the number average molecular weight (M n ) of copolymer is higher than 25,000, its penetration and absorption become worse and the resulting leather feels hard. In addition, the amphiphilic acrylate copolymers can impart excellent oxidation resistance and transference resistance to leather, which is a considerable improvement over the conventionally retanned and fatliquored leather. The copolymer has great penetration and absorption ability when M n is within the range of 9,000-15,000, and it gives leather excellent integrated properties, such as filling, softness, mechanical strength, extraction resistance, and oxidation resistance, which can meet requirements of ecological leather. V C 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43440.

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“…Regulasi Finishing kulit menggambarkan seluruh rangkaian proses yang dapat meningkatkan beberapa sifat fisika seperti ketahanan kikis, ketahanan terhadap sinar, panas, dan air. Selain itu finishing dapat meningkatkan aspek pewarnaan pada permukaan kulit dan menambah efek modis (Yılmaz et al, 2011;Fuck et al, 2011) yaitu dengan perlakuan fisis, pemberian bahan kimia/aplikasi larutan pada permukaan kulit yang dilanjutkan dengan perlakuan mekanis sehingga akhirnya kulit berpenampilan menarik dan berkualitas (Fuck et al, 2011). Komposisi bahan finishing umumnya meliputi pigmen, binder, dyes, wax, plasticizer, thickener, filler, penetrator (Niculescu et al, 2012;Gumel & Dambatta, 2013;Assomac, 2013;Niculescu et al, 2015a) dan emulsi nitroselulosea (Niculescu, et al, 2015b).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Pengaruh berbagai jenis penyamakan dan tipe finish terhadap morfologi, sifat organoleptis dan mekanis kulit biawak (Varanus salvator)

Kasmudjiastuti

Sutyasmi²,

Murti³

2015

MKKP

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Monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) skin is exotic leather because it has a unique grain. Therefore, the original grain of the animal needs to be maintained in the finishing process so that its performances look likes natural. This research aimed to study the effect of tanning materials (vegetable and chrome) and the type of finish (natural, aniline, semi-aniline and two tone) on morphology, organoleptic and mechanical properties of lizard skin. The materials used in this study were dry preserved lizard skins. The research varied on the types of tanning (vegetable and chrome) and the type of finish (natural, aniline, semi-aniline and two tone) each by varying the finishing materials (casein and protein binders). The tests were conducted on the observation of the structure using photomicrographs, rub fastness, adhesion of finish strength, tensile strength, elongation at break and organoleptic. The results showed that the best result was vegetable tanned lizard skin using natural finish with casein and met the requirements of SNI 06-4362-1996, lizard skin for shoe upper. This gave dry and wet rub fastness of 5 and 5 respectively; dry and wet adhesion of finish strength of 650 and 100 g/cm respectively; tensile strength of 207.43 kg/cm 2 ; elongation at break of 37.52% and organoleptic value of panelists observations of 87.9 (good).

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The influence of Chromium supplied by tanning and wet finishing processes on the formation of cr(vi) in leather

Cited by 39 publications

References 4 publications

Chromium released from leather – I: exposure conditions that govern the release of chromium(III) and chromium(VI)

Chromium released from leather – I: exposure conditions that govern the release of chromium(III) and chromium(VI)

Amphiphilic acrylate copolymer fatliquor for ecological leather: Influence of molecular weight on performances

Pengaruh berbagai jenis penyamakan dan tipe finish terhadap morfologi, sifat organoleptis dan mekanis kulit biawak (Varanus salvator)

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