British medicine in the Peruvian Andes: the travels of Archibald Smith M.D. (1820-1870)

Lossio, Jorge

doi:10.1590/s0104-59702006000400003

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…For Carranza, the Indigenous people were experts in agricultural practices like using controlled fires to protect their crops from frost and making effective use of available space in vertical landscapes for cultivation. This is similar to the impressions of Archibald Smith decades earlier, in which the physician too saw the Indigenous people as a great labor force for mining activities because they had developed strong physical bodies as a result of their acclimatization to the elevated and oxygen-deprived highlands (Carranza, 1888a, p.75-76; Lossio, 2006 , p.841-842). In addition, by contrasting the “natural beauty” of the local geography and the poverty of Ayacucho’s indígenas , he recognized the historical roots behind the marginalization of the Indian laborer, as well as the reason behind the erosion of productive possibilities for regional development (after the uneven development of the Coast during the Guano Era).…”

Section: The Indígena As An Ecological Conditionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Embracing the cordillera: Luis Carranza Ayarza and the development of environmental imaginaries in late-nineteenth-century Peru

Palomo

2023

Hist. cienc. saude-Manguinhos

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This article examines the relationship between local scientific ideas about the natural world and the economic potential to transform the modern nation-state in Peru during the late nineteenth century. Writings by the Peruvian scientist Luis Carranza indicate how support for a distinctive environmental imaginary of the country’s geography made it possible to conceptualize nature as an essential component of Peruvian identity. As a result, local scientists had to “imaginatively” reshape the nature of the Andes for modernization purposes. The social and political ramifications of these ideas in Carranza’s work were key to the foundation of scientific institutions such as the Geographical Society of Lima.

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Section: The Indígena As An Ecological Conditionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Embracing the cordillera: Luis Carranza Ayarza and the development of environmental imaginaries in late-nineteenth-century Peru

Palomo

2023

Hist. cienc. saude-Manguinhos

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“…For one, it made many physicians believe that sick patients should escape the city. It also set up conflicting views between Peruvian and foreign physicians (Lossio 2006). Such perceptions of an unhealthy Lima and its chronic problems with poor hygiene, disease, and tuberculosis persisted for many decades into the future (Alvarado 1893; Bustíos Romaní 2004; Medina 1893).…”

Section: The Social Construction Of Medical Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…And within the Andean highlands, Jauja was the healthiest, most therapeutic region for Smith. He went on to say that Jauja's climate proved beneficial enough to make the town a health resort for tuberculosis patients not just throughout Peru but worldwide (Lossio 2006; Smith 1858). But Smith had little evidence to prove these assertions about Jauja's healing climate in the late 1850s.…”

Section: The Social Construction Of Medical Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the central Peruvian Andes ranked as one of the most effective places in the world for such treatments of tuberculosis, historians have barely analyzed its place in medical geography, tuberculosis treatment, the history of science, or international health travel (exceptions include Lossio 2006; Neyra Ramírez 1997; Núñez Espinoza 2009a, 2009b). In fact, scholarly analyses of health resorts worldwide have focused almost entirely on European and US health seekers.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Climate, Medicine, and Peruvian Health Resorts

Carey

2014

Science, Technology, & Human Values

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In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the Peruvian Andes ranked as a key international destination for those afflicted with one of the world’s most deadly diseases, tuberculosis. Physicians, scientists, policy makers, and patients believed that high-elevation mountain climates worldwide would help cure the disease. Historical processes driving the creation of Andean health resorts, which are understudied in the historiography, uncover an important story in the history of tuberculosis, and also reveal how global health initiatives and disease treatment played out within the global South, where national forces and local environmental conditions influenced the trajectory of science and medicine. Jauja, Peru, became an internationally recognized health resort for tuberculosis treatment not only through science and medicine but also through national political integration campaigns, transportation initiatives, economic development agendas, social (race and class) relations, cultural perspectives of the Andean landscape, and the impact of the physical environment. This historical case about the evolution of Jauja reveals how science and medicine are shaped by distinct spatial forces that illuminate a geography of science in the postcolonial setting, as well as the ways in which climate is culturally constructed in specific sites, by different peoples, and at distinct points in time.

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Bodies in High Places: Exploration, Altitude Sickness, and the Problem of Bodily Comparison in the Himalaya, 1800–1850

Fleetwood¹

2019

Itinerario

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Motivated by both science and empire, European explorers increasingly ventured into the high Himalaya after 1800, where they encountered the insidious yet little understood effects of altitude sickness. They did not, however, do so alone. Tensions arising from the highly unpredictable distribution of symptoms were exacerbated by explorers’ dependence on pre-existing networks of labour and expertise, which forced them to measure their bodies against those of their Asian companions. This article examines altitude physiology in the early nineteenth century, largely overlooked by scholars in favour of the more systematic scientific studies of the later period. I consider engagement with indigenous explanations (resulting from poisonous miasmas from plants), the tropes travellers used in their accounts to avoid inverting hierarchies around bodily performance, and attempts to quantify symptoms and instrumentalise bodies by measuring pulses. I argue that high mountains became spaces of comparison, intensified by uncertainty over the scientific status of altitude sickness, and use this to bring into focus the practical, everyday aspects of relationships between explorers, guides, and porters. By considering comparisons at multiple scales, this article also historicises the formulation of high mountain medical topographies in the context of upland frontiers and imperial expansion.

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British medicine in the Peruvian Andes: the travels of Archibald Smith M.D. (1820-1870)

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Embracing the cordillera: Luis Carranza Ayarza and the development of environmental imaginaries in late-nineteenth-century Peru

Embracing the cordillera: Luis Carranza Ayarza and the development of environmental imaginaries in late-nineteenth-century Peru

Climate, Medicine, and Peruvian Health Resorts

Bodies in High Places: Exploration, Altitude Sickness, and the Problem of Bodily Comparison in the Himalaya, 1800–1850

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