Parques nacionais Brasileiros: problemas fundiários e alternativas para a sua resolução

Rocha, Leonardo G. M. da; Drummond, José Augusto; Ganem, Roseli Senna

doi:10.1590/s0104-44782010000200013

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Rocha et al . () noticed that 66% of the Brazilian national parks created before 2000 had problems with land tenure. Estimates by ICMBio indicated that three out of 10 ha of federal PAs in Brazil included lands that were not legally transferred to the government, and at least 188 PAs had private properties within their boundaries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This fact shows the discrepancies in the land tenure scenario of parks and reserves in Brazil (Rocha et al . , Ferreira , Geluda & Serrão ). Indeed, Chapada Diamantina and Serra das Confusões National Parks are among the largest PAs in the Caatinga, and together represent approximately 42% of the total area of the PAs analyzed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The inconclusiveness of the land acquisition process of areas intended to become protected is among the problems faced by PAs in Brazil (Ferreira 2014;MMA 2015). Rocha et al (2010) noticed that 66% of the Brazilian national parks created before 2000 had problems with land tenure. Estimates by ICMBio indicated that three out of 10 ha of federal PAs in Brazil included lands that were not legally transferred to the government, and at least 188 PAs had private properties within their boundaries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The financial needs vs. the realities of in situ conservation: an analysis of federal funding for protected areas in Brazil's Caatinga

Oliveira

Bernard

2017

Biotropica

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In situ conservation is an effective strategy to protect biodiversity, and Brazil has one of the largest protected area (PA) systems in the world. However, the distribution of Brazilian PAs is uneven and the Caatinga drylands are poorly protected. As financial resources are essential for effectively managing PAs, we analyzed the Brazilian Government's budget allocated to 20 federal PAs in the Caatinga between 2008 and 2014, which ranged from 231,575 USD in 2008 to 13.5 Mi USD in 2011. Neither expenses, nor the availability of funds, were homogeneous among PAs or throughout the years. Land acquisition in a single PA consumed ~75% of the budget, and the two smallest PAs received proportionally the most money. Excluding land acquisition, the 20 PAs received 0.50 USD/ha/year. Funds were allocated not to biodiversity conservation per se but mainly to securing offices, cars, and equipment. From 2012 onwards, the PA budget was reduced. Even including salaries, the budget allocated for these PAs is ~13 times lower than what the Ministry of the Environment declared necessary for the basic operation of protected areas in Brazil, 1.5 times lower than values spent worldwide, up to 5 times lower than spent in Latin American and African parks, and up to 72 times lower than spent in the European Union, exposing one cause of the precarious situation of the Caatinga PAs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The financial needs vs. the realities of in situ conservation: an analysis of federal funding for protected areas in Brazil's Caatinga

Oliveira

Bernard

2017

Biotropica

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“…Hence, land tenure regularization of Brazilian CUs is fundamental to accomplish their conservation objectives (Rocha et al. ). Data compiled by ICMBio indicates that 3 out of 10 ha of CUs in Brazil did not undergo the legal process of ownership transfer, and at least 188 of these areas still have private properties within.…”

Section: Frequency and Extension Of Changes In Cus In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downgrading, Downsizing, Degazettement, and Reclassification of Protected Areas in Brazil

Bernard

Penna

Araújo

2014

Conservation Biology

225

179

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Protected areas (PAs) are key elements for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. Brazil has the largest PA system in the world, covering approximately 220 million ha. This system expanded rapidly in the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s. Recent events in Brazil, however, have led to an increase in PA downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD). Does this reflect a shift in the country's PA policy? We analyzed the occurrence, frequency, magnitude, type, spatial distribution, and causes of changes in PA boundaries and categories in Brazil. We identified 93 PADDD events from 1981 to 2012. Such events increased in frequency since 2008 and were ascribed primarily to generation and transmission of electricity in Amazonia. In Brazilian parks and reserves, 7.3 million ha were affected by PADDD events, and of these, 5.2 million ha were affected by downsizing or degazetting. Moreover, projects being considered by the Federal Congress may degazette 2.1 million ha of PA in Amazonia alone. Relaxing the protection status of existing PAs is proving to be politically easy in Brazil, and the recent increase in frequency and extension of PADDD reflects a change in governmental policy. By taking advantage of chronic deficiencies in financial and personnel resources and surveillance, disputes over land tenure, and the slowness of the Brazilian justice, government agencies have been implementing PADDD without consultation of civil society. If parks and reserves are to maintain their integrity, there will need to be investments in Brazilian PAs and a better understanding of the benefits PAs provide.

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“…985/2000985/ (BRASIL, 2000, pouco se avançou com medidas institucionais, estudos e levantamentos técnicos para se tratar a questão fundiária destas áreas protegidas. Segundo Rocha et al (2010), no período de 1937 a 2008 foram criadas 65 UCPIs nacionais e, até 2000 (quando haviam 44 UCPIs), 66% dessas UCPIs (somente Parques Nacionais) tinham problemas fundiários registrados, sendo que 34% desses mesmos 44 parques tinham menos da metade de sua superfície sob domínio público (ROCHA, 2002).…”

Section: áReas Protegidas E a Questão Fundiáriaunclassified

Questão fundiária em áreas protegidas: uma experiência no Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

2014

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Artigo recebido em 27/03/2013 e aprovado para publicação em 13/01/2014. RESuMO:A questão fundiária em Unidades de Conservação no Brasil tem sido um dos grandes desafios para sua gestão, sobretudo àquelas situadas no meio urbanizado, como é o caso do Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB), localizado no oeste do município do Rio de Janeiro. Para garantir uma adequada gestão da UC, este trabalho apresenta um diagnóstico fundiário para subsidiar o Plano de Manejo do PEPB. Baseado no levantamento de dados secundários e aplicação de questionários estruturados (316 entrevistas, representando 29% do total estimado de moradias) sobre a questão fundiária em áreas do seu interior/ entorno imediato para identificar elementos chaves para contribuir para a gestão do PEPB. Os resultados indicam seis zonas (Z) que traduzem algumas tipologias de ocupação nos bairros do entorno do PEPB, mostrando uma heterogeneidade de ocupações, com moradores de classe alta, média e baixa, incluindo áreas de favelas; agricultores que moram e sobrevivem das atividades econômicas desenvolvidas no interior dessa UC; e residentes temporários que utilizam o local para "veraneio". Para a minimização dos conflitos fundiários desta UC, quatro elementos devem ser essenciais: (i) levantamento sistemático de informações em cartórios, para que seja criado um cadastro completo dos imóveis do PEPB; (ii) criação de grupos de trabalho multi-interdisciplinares para a solução de problemas fundiários; (iii) implementação de programas de educomunicação ambiental, visando esclarecimentos sobre a preservação do PEPB; (iv) formalização de acordos entre os moradores do Parque e gestores visando minimizar os atuais conflitos. Palavras-chave: Áreas Protegidas, Questão fundiária, Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca. ABSTRACT:The land tenure has been a challenge for the management of protected areas in Brazil, mainly those located in urban areas, such as the 'Pedra Branca' State Park (PEPB) in the west of Rio de Janeiro city. To ensure an adequate management of UC, this paper presents a land tenure analysis for support the Management Plan of PEPB. Based on the secondary data and application of structured questionnaires (316 interviews, representing 29% of the total estimated housing) on the land tenure in areas inside/around of PEPB boundaries, seeking for some key elements to support the management of PEPB. This survey identified six zones (Z) with some types

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Parques nacionais Brasileiros: problemas fundiários e alternativas para a sua resolução

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

The financial needs vs. the realities of in situ conservation: an analysis of federal funding for protected areas in Brazil's Caatinga

The financial needs vs. the realities of in situ conservation: an analysis of federal funding for protected areas in Brazil's Caatinga

Downgrading, Downsizing, Degazettement, and Reclassification of Protected Areas in Brazil

Questão fundiária em áreas protegidas: uma experiência no Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

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