Risk factors for micro and macrovascular disease in black and white patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Summary risk factors for micro and macrovascular disease in black and white patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus Background. The prevalence of chronic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is higher in black patients. The reason for this finding is still unknown. The objective of this study was to analyze the micro and macrovascular risk factor profile of type 2 DM patients without advanced diabetic nephropathy according to ethnicity. Methods. A cross-sectional multicentric regional study was conducted evaluating 780 patients. All patients were submitted to clinical and laboratory evaluation. Ethnicity was self-reported as white (n = 585) or black (n = 195). results. Black patients had lower triglycerides [115 (35-892) vs. 152 (34-1236) mg/dl; P <0.001] and higher HDL-cholesterol levels than whites (48.3 ± 13.5 vs. 44.8 ± 12.1 mg/dl; P = 0.002). White and black patients did not differ regarding fasting plasma glucose, A1c test, total and LDL cholesterol, blood pressure levels, insulin and HOMA-IR. There were no differences between groups regarding medication in use (statin: 18.5 vs. 19.3%, P = 1.000; fibrates: 1.5 vs. 0.7%, P = 0.680; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: 39.5 vs. 43.8%, P = 0.375; acetylsalicylic acid: 29.9 vs. 27.7%, P = 0.673). conclusions. There were no differences in the prevalence of the classic micro and macrovascular risk factors between ethnic groups. The study of non-conventional risk factors and genetic factors is essential to understand determinants of the worst outcomes presented by the African-Brazilian population.

Diabetic nephropathy

“…This could be due to several reasons, such as the presence of different risk factors, different access to medical attention, and socioeconomic differences. However, none of the assessed known risk factors were different between African and Europeans [ 13 , 92 ] make unclear an explanation for the different rates of DN between black and white subjects. Unfortunately, data on socioeconomic status were unavailable.…”

The Effects ofMomordica balsaminaMethanolic Extract on Kidney Function in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats: Effects on Selected Metabolic Markers

“…The sustained hyperglycaemia is associated with the structural kidney abnormalities such as the thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, mesangial expansion, tubular hypertrophy, and extracellular matrix deposition [ 4 , 5 ]. These structural abnormalities mediate the functional kidney abnormalities such as declining glomerular filtration rate, electrolyte imbalance, increased blood pressure, and increased protein excretion [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Antioxidant effects of maslinic acid in livers, hearts and kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: effects on kidney function

“…15, 16 Therefore, we also evaluated the effects of MA on renal proximal tubular Na þ handling, the site for the reabsorption of approximately two thirds of the Na þ that enters the tubular fluid by glomerular filtration. 17 In addition, this study investigated whether MA influences renal expression of the facilitative glucose transporters in STZ-induced diabetic rats.…”