Saúde Global em tempos de globalização

Abstract

O presente artigo apresenta definições, conceitos e princípios do campo de conhecimentos e práticas conhecido como “Saúde Global”, baseando-se em seu desenvolvimento histórico e em seu contexto contemporâneo, marcado pelo fenômeno da globalização. Mostra a evolução do conceito de saúde internacional para o de Saúde Global. A globalização econômica, que está aliada à globalização política, cultural, informacional e comunicativa, traz novas oportunidades e desafios, cujos benefícios e impactos adversos, que envolvem todas as dimensões das relações humanas, ainda carecem de análises compreensivas. Processos de interdependência planetária trazem benefícios e riscos para a saúde humana, de forma diferenciada ao redor do globo. Discute o que são problemas de Saúde Global no século XXI, caracterizado por problemas de saúde acumulados, problemas novos e problemas decorrentes de mudanças de paradigmas. Propõe uma agenda de pesquisa em Saúde Global para o presente e futuro próximo, exemplificando temas em três linhas principais: a distribuição desigual das doenças e agravos da saúde ao redor do mundo; os impactos das mudanças ambientais globais na saúde humana e formas de mitigação e adaptação; e políticas, instituições e sistemas de Saúde Global.

Translation and adaptation of the Competencias Esenciales en Salud Pública para los recursos humanos en salud

“…The term global health goes beyond the existing divide between the rich and poor, the developed and in development, and the national boundary lines 14 - 15 . This domain is focused on the cultural, social, economic and political possibilities outlining the world scope 14 .…”

Refletindo sobre as contribuições da enfermagem para a saúde global

“…The globalization process is characterized by several changes in political, social, economic and cultural relations among countries, that within other aspects, resulted in the liberalization of commercial relations, capital flows, as well as the increase of means of communication, introduction of new digital technologies, environmental changes and increasing migration of populations in search for better living and working conditions (1) .…”

“…The economic, political, cultural, informational and communicative globalization provide new opportunities and challenges, which involve several dimensions of human relations (1) . In this respect, during the 20th century, important economic, social and technical/scientific advances were observed, which led to improvement in quality of life and health conditions.…”

Caracterização de sujeitos com lesão cerebral adquirida em idade produtiva

“…Globalization is configured, thus, as an economic, social and cultural process that affects directly or indirectly any human being or the planet; however, its consequences do not reverberate equally for all involved, whether individuals, societies or places 1 . It is known that the impacts coming from globalization result in health hazards due to factors such as: new labor organizations often require the workers acting under undesirable and unhealthy sanitary and security conditions; constant degradation of the environment; changes in dietary habits; excessive consumption of alcohol and tobacco; spread of infectious diseases; and prevalence of diseases such as depression and its variations (mental disorders) 1. Due to these aspects, health has been considered a global public good, a necessary condition for the advancement of globalization, that is, for world economic and social growth 1 .…”

“…Globalization is configured, thus, as an economic, social and cultural process that affects directly or indirectly any human being or the planet; however, its consequences do not reverberate equally for all involved, whether individuals, societies or places 1 . It is known that the impacts coming from globalization result in health hazards due to factors such as: new labor organizations often require the workers acting under undesirable and unhealthy sanitary and security conditions; constant degradation of the environment; changes in dietary habits; excessive consumption of alcohol and tobacco; spread of infectious diseases; and prevalence of diseases such as depression and its variations (mental disorders) 1. Due to these aspects, health has been considered a global public good, a necessary condition for the advancement of globalization, that is, for world economic and social growth 1 . However, it may be observed influences of globalization in the increase of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (CNCDs), generating high number of premature deaths, while, for the survivors, loss in quality of life, causing negative economic impacts for those affected, their families and society in general 1,2. In front of these findings, Brazil established the Strategic Action Plan for Confronting Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) -2011-2022, including in this plan the prevention of cerebrovascular accident (CVA), infarction, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), cancer, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and chronic respiratory diseases, among others [2][3][4] .…”