Comparing Levels of Anxiety During Bed and Shower Baths in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

This study compared the levels of anxiety presented by patients with acute myocardial infarction in bed and shower baths and the influence of antecedent variables: age, gender, medications, previous hospitalization and/or bed bath, patients' preference regarding the professional's gender, risk factors and anxiety-traits. This crossover study was conducted between February and August 2007 in coronary units. The sample was composed of 71 patients with acute myocardial infarction. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was applied before the baths (bed and shower baths), immediately after the baths and twenty minutes after the second evaluation. Results revealed that patients were more anxious in the bed bath than in the shower in the three assessments (p <0.0001) and the only variable that interfered with state-anxiety was high blood pressure. Comparación del nivel de ansiedad entre el baño de ducha y el realizado en la cama en pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar los niveles de ansiedad, generados en el baño en la cama y en el baño de ducha, en pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio, así como la influencia de las variables antecedentes: edad, sexo, medicaciones, internación y/o baño en la cama previo, preferencia del paciente en cuanto al sexo del profesional, factores de riesgo y la ansiedad de trazo. Esta investigación es un estudio cross-over, realizado entre febrero y agosto de 2007, en Unidades Coronarias. La muestra fue constituida por 71 pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio. El instrumento utilizado fue el IDATE-estado, siendo aplicado antes de los baños (cama y ducha), inmediatamente después de los baños y veinte minutos después de la segunda evaluación. Los resultados mostraron que los pacientes quedaron más ansiosos cuando realizaron su baño en la cama que cuando realizaron el baño de ducha, en las tres evaluaciones (p<0,0001) y la única variable que interfirió en la ansiedad estado fue la hipertensión arterial.

Orientação de enfermagem sobre o banho no leito para redução da ansiedade

“…Calculation of sample size: Based on a previous study (16) , in which the mean score for state-anxiety (41.4 points) was obtained immediately after informing the patient of the need to have baths on the bed. This score refers to moderate anxiety and the patient would have to reach a score below 34 points to obtain a significant decrease in state-anxiety after the intervention.…”

“…Group 1 or the intervention group consisted of the patients who received the guidance protocol. The protocol was built from the main researcher's clinical experience in coronary units and from previously conducted research (16) , and included verbal and written guidelines Rev Bras Enferm. 2015 mai-jun;68(3):437-43. contained in an informative manual regarding bed bath.…”

“…Socio-demographic and clinical variables were gathered through an instrument created by the researchers and used in a previous study (16) . Trait-anxiety was assessed through the Trait-Anxiety Inventory, which assesses the patients' anxiety profile and has a score that varies from 20 to 80 points (13) .…”

“…Anxiety is often more intense according to the procedure the patient is undergoing, as well as how the patient assesses such procedure. Bed bath is one of the procedures that may intensify this feeling (16) . Thus, we consider it essential to conduct studies that verify the impact of the specific protocols of nursing guidance regarding different nursing procedures on the anxiety of patients with acute coronary syndrome, because these studies may contribute to good nursing practices.…”

Construção e validação de um manual informativo sobre o banho no leito

“…A previous study reports that the anxiety generated by bed baths was greater than the anxiety generated by shower baths, especially before the procedure is performed. (4) Anxiety associated with acute coronary syndrome may increase the heart rate, cardiac work, and oxygen consumption, worsening the disease.…”