La enfermería como grupo oprimido: las voces de las protagonistas

Abstract

RESUMEN:Es un estudio etnográfico que tuvo como objetivo analizar las relaciones de poder y dominación desde la perspectiva freireana en la enseñanza de la enfermería y su repercusión en la conformación de una identidad profesional subordinada. Participaron docentes y estudiantes de una de las escuelas universitarias de enfermería españolas y enfermeras asistenciales. Los datos fueron obtenidos por triangulación de métodos: observación participante y no participante y entrevistas. Se registraron en un cuaderno de notas de campo o en cinta magnetofonica y se analizaron mediante el método de las comparaciones constantes. Los resultados muestran mecanismos mediante los cuales las ideologías dominantes en la formación de profesionales de la salud dan forma y contenido a la subjetividad de profesoras y estudiantes dirigiéndolas hacia la conformidad y subordinación para con las prácticas establecidas en las instituciones sanitárias. DESCRIPTORES:Enfermería. Educación. Currículum. Poder. NURSING AS AN OPPRESSED GROUP: ThE VOICES OF ThE PROTAGONISTSABSTRACT: Ethnographic study which is aimed at analyzing the relations of power and domination in Freire's perspective on nursing education and its impact on shaping a subordinate professional identity. Participated are professors and students of the spanish university school of nursing and nurses assistance. Data were obtained by triangulation methods: participant and non participant observation and interviews. We used the record of field notes and audio, and data were analyzed using constant comparison method. The results indicate mechanisms by which the dominant ideologies in the training of health professionals form and content of the subjectivity of teachers and students in addressing the compliance and subordination to the established practices in health institutions. DESCRIPTORS:Nursing. Education. Curriculum. Power. A ENFERMAGEM COMO GRUPO OPRIMIDO: AS VOzES DAS PROTAGONISTASRESUMO: Estudo etnográfico que teve o objetivo de analisar as relações de poder e dominação na perspectiva freireana no ensino de enfermagem e sua repercussão na conformação de uma identidade profissional subordinada. Participaram docentes e estudantes de uma das escolas universitárias de enfermagem espanholas e enfermeriras assistenciais. Os dados foram obtidos por triangulação de métodos: observação participante e não participante e entrevistas. Utilizou-se o registro em notas de campo e audio e os dados foram analisados mediante o método de comparações constantes. Os resultados evidenciam mecanismos mediante os quais as ideologias dominantes na formação de profissionais de saúde dão forma e conteúdo a subjetividade das professoras e estudantes dirigindo-as em conformidade e subordinação para as práticas estabelecidas nas instituições de saúde. DESCRITORES:Enfermagem. Educação. Currículo. Poder.

Experiences Influencing upon the Significance of Obstetric Care in Mexican Nurses

“…(18) In turn, younger nurses report feeling frustrated upon the demand to insert themselves and adapt to professional contexts in which an institutional medical culture prevails that privileges the biomedical approach to care, after recognizing that they were educated within a nurse culture, which is less biologist and more holistic. (19) Obstetric care was identified also associated in its meaning with the existence of a series of public policies that in discourse tend toward the humanization of the delivery, but which are implemented within contexts that in crisis do not have the necessary element to carry them out. In this sense, public policy not only creates false expectations among users, but also frustration among those who provide care, given that they do not have the necessary resources to offer that which users expect and which the State "demands", the quotations are added, given that the very State recognizes that what is proposed in public policy has no conditions to be exercised.…”

Factores asociados a violencia horizontal intrahospitalaria en el personal de enfermería: revisión sistemática

“…Una explicación al fenómeno de la presencia de violencia horizontal entre el personal de enfermería, es el que postulan los autores Croft y Cash 9 , indican que la falta de habilidades de gestión, por ejemplo; puede generar la internalización de una visión negativa de sí mismo (baja autoestima y la depreciación), que ocurre cuando se produce la adhesión al opresor e incapacidad de los oprimidos, por cuestionar las figuras que detentan el poder, encamina a que la agresividad acumulada se proyecte contra los miembros del propio grupo antes que contra el opresor. Este aspecto, a primera vista, es difícilmente reconocible y se hace evidente cuando se observa división y falta de cohesión en los grupos de enfermería 37 . No obstante, el mismo profesional mantiene el statu quo a través de la negación, minimización y ritualización, actitudes provocadas por las múltiples tareas que debe realizar el profesional, por consiguiente pasa por alto los efectos del abuso horizontal 38 .…”

Handing Down and Adaption: The Construction of the Material World of Health Care Technology in Spain (1855-1955)

“…However, it appears that this did not occur in the scientific side of the profession, since the handing down of medical technology subtly conditioned the development of a care-related scientific field and reinforced nursing's subordination to medicine. 22 The analysis of the training manuals provided an insight into another group of objects that reflected the art of caring for the sick and the resourcefulness and creativity expected from those dedicated to their care between 1855 and 1955. Though these objects were more simple than those that were handed down to caregivers, they were effective in nursing care.…”