Environmental approach of companies within the pulp/paper, metallurgical and sugar/alcohol sectors

Jacovine, Laércio Antônio Gonçalves; Viana, Wellerson David; Alves, Ricardo Ribeiro; Walter, Michele Karina Cotta; Silva, Márcio Lopes da; Valverde, Sebastião Renato

doi:10.1590/s0103-90162009000100001

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Current global market and increasing competitiveness makes corporations become more efficient in resource use and waste reduction to improve sustainability towards growth. Additionally, there is a growing environmental awareness (JACOVINE et al, 2009), besides pressure by regulatory institutions and non-governmental organization (NGOs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy demand in citrus production under varied operational efficiency values

2014

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Citrus orchards are very important in Brazil, especially in São Paulo State, where occupy an area of 600,000 ha approximately. To identify sustainability degree of citrus production system, an energy analysis allows evaluating efficiency of direct and indirect applied inputs. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate citrus production system under energetic point of view, in which invested energy is paid back with citrus production; being compared within three scenarios for operational field efficiency. As result, by sensitivity analysis was determined that fuel was the main energy demander, followed by pesticides and fertilizers. In operational work capacity analysis, all combinations between efficiency (minimum, typical and maximum) and yield levels became positive in the seventh year, except for the combination minimum efficiency and 10 % less yield, positive in the eighth year. The best combination (maximum efficiency and 10 % more yield) has promoted investment payoff around the sixth and seventh year. By this study, it is possible to determine the total energy demand to produce citrus and indentify the applied inputs that need more attention by the decision-makers. Labor and seedlings can be ommited for further studies with citrus, since they were irrelevant. Management of agricultural machinery may pose an important role on decreasing environmental impact of citrus production. KEYWORDS: energy balance, EROI, machinery management, sustainability. DEMANDA DE ENERGIA NA PRODUÇÃO DE CITROS COM DIFERENTES EFICIÊNCIAS OPERACIONAISRESUMO: A atividade citrícola apresenta grande importância no Brasil, especialmente no Estado de São Paulo, onde são plantados 600 mil ha, aproximadamente. Para identificar o nível de sustentabilidade do sistema de produção, a análise energética permite avaliar a eficiência na utilização dos insumos direta ou indiretamente aplicados (estes determinados pela capacidade operacional). Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o sistema produtivo de laranja do ponto de vista energético, em que a energia investida é paga pela produção de frutos, sendo comparada nos três cenários para a eficiência operacional de campo. Pela análise de sensibilidade, determinou--se que o combustível foi o principal demandante de energia, seguido pelos fitossanitários e fertilizantes. Na análise da capacidade operacional, todas as combinações entre eficiência (mínima, típica e máxima) e nível de produtividade tornaram-se positivas no sétimo ano, exceto mínima eficiência e -10% produtividade, positiva no oitavo ano. A melhor combinação (máxima eficiência e +10% produtividade) recupera seu investimento no limite entre o sexto e o sétimo anos. Pelo estudo, foi possível determinar o total de energia demandada para a produção de laranjas e identificar os insumos aplicados que merecem maior atenção dos tomadores de decisão. Mão de obra e mudas podem ser desconsideradas em trabalhos futuros, uma vez que foram irrelevantes. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:balanço energético, EROI, gerenciamento agrícola, sustentabilidade.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy demand in citrus production under varied operational efficiency values

2014

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“…Although there are studies approaching economical and environmental aspects of biomass and bioenergy sources (RANIUSA et al, 2005;DIAZ-BALTEIRO & RODRIGUEZ, 2006) there is little information about their energy and material approach (CHAVANNE & FRANGI, 2008;PIMENTEL & PATZEK, 2005;. As the requirement for agricultural sector to be environmentally suitable (JACOVINE et al, 2009), there is a necessity to adopt proper indicators and methodologies approaching sustainability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material embodiment and energy flows as efficiency indicators of soybean (Glycine max) production in Brazil

2012

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ABSTRACT:As the requirement for agriculture to be environmentally suitable there is a necessity to adopt indicators and methodologies approaching sustainability. In Brazil, biodiesel addition into diesel is mandatory and soybean oil is its main source. The material embodiment determines the convergence of inputs into the crop. Moreover, the material flows are necessary for any environmental analysis. This study evaluated distinct production scenarios, and also conventional versus GMO crops, through the material embodiment and energy analysis. GMO crops demanded less indirectly applied inputs. The energy balance showed linearity with yield, whereas for EROI, the increases in input and yield were not affected.

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“…As the requirements for the agricultural sector to be environmentally sound are increasingly emphasized (Jacovine et al, 2009) it becomes necessary to adopt proper indicators and methodologies for sustainability assessment (Esty and Chertow, 1997). Material flow is the basis for cost determination, since each single input multiplied by its price determines cost and also, most of the methodologies used to environmentally assess production systems are based on material flow (DeSimone and Popoff, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material flow determination through agricultural machinery management

Romanelli

Milan

2010

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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The approach of material embodiment in agricultural production systems is important because it determines the convergence of inputs (indirectly, the natural resources) to the field. Additionally, material flow is the basis for both environmental (energy analysis, emergy synthesis, life-cycle analysis and carbon inventories) and economical analyses. Since different materials cannot compose a single index, generally these flows are not shown, making comparisons among approaches difficult. Another aspect that makes comparisons difficult is the definition of the boundary of the studied system. If these boundaries differ, results will also be different, hiding actual distinctions among systems. The present study aims to suggest an arrangement of existing models to determine material flow in agricultural production systems. The following steps were considered: i) the adoption of a diagram language to represent the analyzed system; ii) determination of the material flow for directly applied inputs; iii) determination of the material flow for indirectly applied inputs, which included: determination of the effective field capacity; fuel consumption; machinery depreciation; and labor. Data on fuel consumption were compared with the models presented. The best model applied was a fixed parameter based on engine power (0.163 L kW -1 h -1 ). The determination of the material flow for maize silage production presented similar results as those obtained in regional databases. Key words: LCA, material embodiment, environmental management, mechanization Determinação de fluxo de materiais por meio do gerenciamento de máquinas agrícolasRESUMO: A abordagem da incorporação material em sistemas agrícolas é importante, pois determina a convergência de insumos (indiretamente, de recursos naturais) no campo. Além disso, os fluxos de materiais são a base para quaisquer análises ambientais (análises de energia, síntese de emergia, ciclo de vida e inventários de carbono) e econômicas. Uma vez que diferentes materiais não podem compor um único índice, geralmente esses fluxos não são mostrados. Isso dificulta comparações entre análises. Outro aspecto que contribui para isso é a definição dos limites dos sistemas estudados. Se eles diferirem os resultados serão diferentes, disfarçando as distinções reais entre eles. O presente estudo visa sugerir um arranjo de modelos existentes para a determinação dos fluxos de energia e materiais em sistemas agrícolas. Os seguintes passos foram considerados: i) a adoção de uma linguagem de diagramação para representar o sistema analisado; ii) a determinação do fluxo de materiais dos insumos diretamente aplicados; iii) a determinação do fluxo de materiais dos insumos indiretamente aplicados, que envolve a capacidade de campo operacional dos sistemas mecanizados, o consumo de combustível, a depreciação de maquinário e a mão-de-obra. Dados de consumo de combustível foram comparados com os modelos apresentados. O melhor modelo aplicado foi o fixado em função da potência do motor (0,163 L kW -1 h -1

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Environmental approach of companies within the pulp/paper, metallurgical and sugar/alcohol sectors

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Energy demand in citrus production under varied operational efficiency values

Energy demand in citrus production under varied operational efficiency values

Material embodiment and energy flows as efficiency indicators of soybean (Glycine max) production in Brazil

Material flow determination through agricultural machinery management

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