Physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of tomato seed oils from processing wastes

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The major component of tomato processing industry wastes is seed. Samples of tomato (Petomech var.) pomace from industries of São Paulo state submitted to Hot and Cold Break treatments, were spontaneously fermented and washed to separate seeds. The oils were analysed for specific gravity, iodine and saponifícation numbers, refractive index, viscosity and fatty acid composition. Except for saponifícation number, Hot and Cold Break seed oils were very similar. In both treatments palmitic acid was the major saturated fatty acid, followed by stearic acid. Linoleic acid was the major unsaturated fatty acid followed by oleic acid. Both oleic and linoleic acids added up to over 60% of total fatty acids, being higher in Cold Break seed oils. Both treatments produced high nutritional oil quality. Differences in colour and viscosity may incur in more intense refining operations for Brazilian tomato processing industries due to the adoption of the Hot Break treatment. Key Words: Tomato seed oil, fatty acid composition, physicochemical characteristics, industrial wastes. CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICO-QUÍMICAS E COMPOSIÇÃO EM ÁCIDOS GRAXOS DE ÓLEOS DE SEMENTES DE TOMATE DE RESÍDUOS INDUSTRIAIS

Chemical composition and energy value of guava and tomato wastes for broilers chickens at different ages

“…For the ether extract values, the variation was from 9.96 (September) to 11.68% (June), with a mean value of 10.83% for guava waste, and from 5.73 (October) to 11.17% (August) for tomato waste, with a mean value of 8.45%. The values were similar to the ones obtained by Santos et al (2009), 11.20%, andSilva (1999), 11.30%, for guava waste, inferior to the ones mentioned for tomato waste by Cantarelli et al (1993) and Mccay & Smith (1940), of 14.6 to 29.65%, and close to the ones obtained by Kavamoto et al (1971) and Kronka et al (1971), of 2.11% and 11.56%, respectively.…”

“…These values are similar to the ones obtained by Santos et al (2009) for guava waste, 10.90%, and to the ones obtained by Silva (1999), 8.60%, and they are inferior to the values obtained by Mccay & Smith (1940) and Cantarelli et al (1993) for tomato waste, from 22.9% to 36.8%. For the ether extract values, the variation was from 9.96 (September) to 11.68% (June), with a mean value of 10.83% for guava waste, and from 5.73 (October) to 11.17% (August) for tomato waste, with a mean value of 8.45%.…”

“…The mineral matter presented variation from 2.32 (October) to 2.45% (June), with a mean value of 2.38% for guava waste, which is close to the one reported by Santos et al (2009) Table 1 -Nutritional composition of the diets on stages from 1 to 8 days and from 10 to 17 days was from 3.78 (August) to 4.81% (October), with a mean value of 4.29%, which is within the values from 2.0 to 9.6% observed by Cantarelli et al (1993). The total carbohydrates of guava waste varied from 76.02 (Septmeber) to 77.10% (June), with means of 76.65%; while, for tomato waste, the variation was from 64.55 (August) to 72.25% (October), with means of 68.40%.…”

“…Regarding the tomato waste, the observed variation was from 35.86 (October) to 40.65% (August), with a mean value of 38.25%, which is similar to the value obtained by Cantarelli et al (1993) of 41.8%, and superior to the one found by Kavamoto et al (1971) of 25.98%.…”

“…However, Loureiro et al (2006) observed AME values of 3,393 kcal/kg and AMEn values of 2,806 kcal/kg, with laying hens. Variation in the chemical composition of tomato waste was observed by Cantarelli et al (1993), with values from 14.6 to 29.6% ether extract; 42.8% linoleic acid and 18.2% oleic acid; 14.8 to 41.8% crude fiber; 2.0 to 9.6% mineral matter; and 22.9 to 36% crude protein.…”