Methods of inducing conditioned food aversion to Baccharis coridifolia (mio-mio) in cattle

Almeida, Milton Begeres de; Schild, Ana Lúcia; Pfister, James A.; Pimentel, Marcelo Alves; Forster, Karine M.; Correa, Franklin Riet

doi:10.1590/s0103-84782013001000022

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…The injuries observed in this outbreak were identical to those described in the literature on natural (Tokarnia et al 2002, Rissi et al 2005) and experimental poisoning (Varaschin et al 1998). Some methods have been described to induce an animal's aversion to the plant; however, they have not been entirely effective (Almeida et al 2013). As a form of control, prophylactic measures should be adopted, such as providing adequate fodder and water to the animals before introducing them to places with the plant (Riet-Correa & Méndez 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Gastric disorders of cattle in western Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

et al. 2020

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A retrospective study of gastric disorders in autopsied cattle in the Western region of Rio Grande do Sul State, was performed. The exam reports of bovine necropsy of the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Unipampa, were analyzed in the period from 2010 to 2018. All cases in which death was primarily caused by disturbance in the gastric chambers were included. During the period evaluated, 141 cattle were necropsied. Of those, 25 had gastric disorders. Of those, 53% had alterations in the rumen, followed by abomasum (17%), involvement of two chambers (13%) and reticulum (9%). Most cases corresponded to beef cattle raised in an extensive system and most them for calf production and fattening with an average age of approximately three years. The cases occurred in farms of four different municipalities. Bullous bloat by excessive Trifolium repens ingestion was the gastric disturbance with the highest number of dead cattle observed in this study, especially in irrigated áreas of livestock farms. Cases such as lactic acidosis, ruminal alkalosis due to excessive urea ingestion and Baccharis coridifolia poisoning were also important gastric disturbances in necropsied cattle, associated especially with poor management and period of scarcity of good quality fodder. Cases of Clostridium perfringens infection were also observed in young cattle suggesting that it is an important infectious agent in the evaluated cattle herds, also showing failures in vaccination of the herds. As observed, gastric disturbances in cattle in the western region of Rio Grande do Sul have several causes. Metabolic/toxic and infectious disturbances were important causes of mortality in the herds, inducing considerable economic losses. Based on this study, it is clear that the majority of outbreaks or isolated cases occurred due to errors in the management of the properties and the vast majority of them could have been avoided with improvements in the technical qualification of the workers and simple adjustments in the farming methods. It is also emphasized the importance of the conclusive diagnosis to control these disorders, once after the orientation to the producers, was observed significant decrease in cattle losses in the farms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Gastric disorders of cattle in western Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

et al. 2020

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“…Hunger and thirst also reduce animal selection capability inducing the consumption of plants that were previously not consumed. Some plants are not ingested by animals with previous experience, even under extreme hunger situations, but may be consumed by naive animals after being introduced in the pastures (ALMEIDA et al, 2013).…”

Section: Prevention and Control Of Poisoning By Photosensitizing Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plants that cause photosensitivity in ruminants in Brazil

Knupp

Riet-Correa

et al. 2016

SCA

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This study aimed to review the mechanisms of action, clinical signs, pathology, and toxic compounds of plants that cause photosensitivity in ruminants. In addition, we sought to clarify the diagnostic methods and prophylaxis of photosensitivity-induced plants. Photosensitizing plants constitute an important group of poisonous plants in Brazil and there are at least seventeen species distributed in nine genera. Some of these plants have well known toxic compounds; in others, the substance responsible for the disease is unknown. In general, the photosensitivity can be classified as primary or secondary. Among the plants causing primary photosensitivity in Brazil, Ammi majus contains furocoumarins, while the compound in Froelichia humboldtiana remains uncertain. The known toxic compounds causing secondary photosensitivity include pyrrolizidine alkaloids, furans sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, and steroidal saponins. In other plants causing secondary photosensitization, including Stryphnodendron spp. and Enterolobium spp., the toxic compound is still unknown. Future research should be conducted in order to determine the various mechanisms of action of each toxic compound to assist the diagnosis of photosensitivity, to develop less toxic or non-toxic cultivars, or even to find new ways of preventing photosensitization. Key words: Cow. Goat. Sheep. Intoxication. Poisonous plants. ResumoO presente trabalho teve como objetivo revisar os mecanismos de ação, os sinais clínicos, a patologia e os princípios tóxicos das plantas que causam fotossensibilização em ruminantes. Além disso, buscou-se esclarecer, de maneira sucinta e objetiva, os métodos diagnósticos e a profilaxia da fotossensibilização induzida por plantas. Plantas fotossensibilizantes em ruminantes constituem um grupo importante de plantas tóxicas no Brasil, existindo pelo menos 17 espécies de plantas fotossensibilizantes distribuídas em nove gêneros. Algumas delas têm princípio ativo conhecido; em outras não se conhecem as substâncias responsáveis pela doença. Em geral, a fotossensibilização pode ser classificada como primária e secundária. Das plantas descritas como fotossensibilizantes primárias no Brasil, apenas a Ammi majus teve seu princípio tóxico identificado (furocumarinas), enquanto o da Froelichia humboldtiana continua incerto. Outros princípios ativos fotossensibilizantes também foram descritos em plantas, porém causando fotossensibilização secundária, dentre eles estão os alcalóides pirrolizidínicos, os furanossesquiterpenos, os triterpenos, e as saponinas esteroidais. Existem ainda plantas reconhecidamente fotossensibilizantes secundárias que não apresentam princípio tóxico conhecido, como as do gênero Striphnodendron e

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“…Animais adultos criados em regiões onde a planta ocorre não a ingerem, mesmo em condições extremas de fome. No caso de B. coridifolia foi demonstrado que a planta ao ser ingerida em quantidades não tóxicas causa aversão, que é permanente, pelo menos em animais que permanecem em áreas onde a planta ocorre (Almeida et al 2013).…”

Section: Epidemiologia Das Intoxicações Por Plantasunclassified

“…Em experimentos com bovinos foi comprovado que mio-mio causa aversão eficiente quando administrado 25% da dose tóxica e se os animais são soltos em pastagens invadidas pela planta pelo menos 24 horas após a ingestão não se intoxicam. Animais soltos antes desse período não estão ainda fortemente avertidos e podem intoxicar-se (Almeida et al 2013). Trabalhos estão sendo conduzidos para verificar se é possível causar aversão a I. carnea utilizando o mio-mio como aversivo (Adrien et al 2013).…”

Section: Controle E Profilaxia Das Intoxicações Por Plantasunclassified

Importância econômica, epidemiologia e controle das intoxicações por plantas no Brasil

2013

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 33(6) The main factors that determine the occurrence and frequency of plant poisoning include palatability, hunger, thirst, social facilitation, unawareness of the plant, access to toxic plants, toxic dose, ingestion period, variations in toxicity, and animal resistance/susceptibility. The results obtained in Brazil with the use of biological control, conditioned food aversion, selection of non-toxic varieties of forages, use of resistant animals to poisoning, and techniques to induce resistance are described.

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Methods of inducing conditioned food aversion to Baccharis coridifolia (mio-mio) in cattle

Abstract: Three experiments were performed to determine the effi cacy of various methods of averting naïve cattle to prevent

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Gastric disorders of cattle in western Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

Gastric disorders of cattle in western Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

Plants that cause photosensitivity in ruminants in Brazil

Importância econômica, epidemiologia e controle das intoxicações por plantas no Brasil

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