Importância econômica, epidemiologia e controle das intoxicações por plantas no Brasil

Abstract

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 33(6) The main factors that determine the occurrence and frequency of plant poisoning include palatability, hunger, thirst, social facilitation, unawareness of the plant, access to toxic plants, toxic dose, ingestion period, variations in toxicity, and animal resistance/susceptibility. The results obtained in Brazil with the use of biological control, conditioned food aversion, selection of non-toxic varieties of forages, use of resistant animals to poisoning, and techniques to induce resistance are described.

Resistance transferance of Amorimia septentrionalis poisoning in goats by ruminal transferance fluid from goats with induced resistance by the inoculation of sodium monofluoroacetate-degrading bacteria

“…GREGG et al (1998) reported the reduction of clinical signs of intoxication by MFA in sheep intraruminally inoculated with the bacterium Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, genetically modified with a gene derived from a species of Moraxella, encoding a dehalogenase. Studies of our research group reported partial induction of resistance to poisoning by A. septentrionalis in six goats after intraruminal inoculation of A. dichloromethanicus and P. kullae (PESSOA, 2014). Two of these goats were used as donors of rumen contents in this research; they had received the bacteria and subsequently A. septentrionalis, presenting mild clinical signs of intoxication after eight days of ingesting daily doses of 5g kg -1 of the same plant used in this experiment.…”

“…In these two goats, the resistance had previously been induced by daily oral administration for 10 days of a 60ml solution containing A. dichloromethanicus and P. kullae, diluted to 1 on the McFarland scale. After the tenth day of inoculation, the goats started to ingest daily doses of 5g kg -1 body weight of green leaves of A. septentrionalis for an 8-day period (PESSOA, 2014).…”

“…Palicourea spp. and Arrabidaea spp., are responsible for causing approximately 500.000 cattle deaths per year in Brazil (PESSOA et al, 2013).…”

“…and inactivate this toxic compound (PESSOA et al, 2013). CAMBOIM et al (2012a) isolated two aerobic MFA-degrading bacteria, Ancylobacter dichloromethanicus and Pigmentiphaga kullae, from the rumen content of goats and recent studies demonstrated an increased resistance to poisoning by MFA-containing plants in goats inoculated with these bacteria (PESSOA, 2014).…”

“…CAMBOIM et al (2012a) isolated two aerobic MFA-degrading bacteria, Ancylobacter dichloromethanicus and Pigmentiphaga kullae, from the rumen content of goats and recent studies demonstrated an increased resistance to poisoning by MFA-containing plants in goats inoculated with these bacteria (PESSOA, 2014). Administration of small quantities of fresh leaves of Palicourea aeneofusca (OLIVEIRA et al, 2013) and A. septentrionalis (DUARTE et al, 2014) also induce partial resistance to poisoning by MFA in goats, suggesting that MFAdegrading bacteria may be normal inhabitants of the ruminal flora and that the ingestion of this substrate stimulates their multiplication (CAMBOIM et al, 2012b).…”