Iatrogenic keratoconjunctivitis sicca in a dog

Abstract

Qualitative and quantitative abnormalities in primary components of the tear can alter the dynamics of the lacrimal film, compromising its function. Lipids, an aqueous fraction and mucoproteins constitute the lacrimal film. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is a disease commonly diagnosed in dogs. It is characterized by the deficiency of the aqueous fraction in the lacrimal film that results in dryness, inflammation of the conjunctive and cornea with progressive corneal illness and reduction of vision and pain. Due to the significant contribution of the third eyelid lacrimal gland to the production of the aqueous fraction of the lacrimal film, the removal of this gland when prolapsed is an important cause of iatrogenic keratoconjuctivitis sicca. This paper describes a clinical case of iatrogenic keratoconjuctivitis sicca in a 10 month-old Boston Terrier which was caused by the removal of the third eyelid lacrimal gland due to its prolapse.

Third eyelid gland protrusion in dogs: an experimental model proposal

“…It is well documented, however, that the gland's exeresis is one of the causes reported of iatrogenic keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs (FARIAS et al, 2001;ALMEIDA et al, 2004).…”

Canine lacrimal and third eyelid superficial glands’ macroscopic and morphometric characteristics

“…Hypoplasia and agenesis of the lacrimal gland, chronic blepharoconjunctivitis, traumatic lesions causing glandular parasympathetic denervation, iatrogenic glandular exeresis, and protrusion and hyperplasia of the third eyelid superficial gland are some causes of KCS in dogs (ALMEIDA et al, 2004;FARIAS et al, 2002;MAITCHOUK et al, 2000). KCS can occur as an isolated phenomenon or secondary in association with various types of systemic autoimmune disorders (Sjögren´s syndrome-like syndrome), azosulfapyridine toxicity and canine distemper (KASWAN et al, 1984).…”

Qualitative and quantitative tear film abnormalities in dogs

“…Removal of the third eyelid gland results in qualitative ) and quantitative abnormalities (ALMEIDA et al, 2004) in tear production. Likewise, damage to the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) accidentally produced by surgical ablation of the auditory canal was found to be associated with iatrogenic KCS (LANZ & WOOD, 2004).…”

“…Cyclosporin is normally administered topically at a concentration of 0.2% and can be formulated at increasing concentrations of up to 2% in corn, olive or almond oil (IZCI et al, 2002;GRAHN & STOREY, 2004), or as 1% ointment (ALMEIDA et al, 2004). The drug is initially administered at 12-hour intervals, but can be reduced to one daily application if the STT values reach a minimum of 20mm min -1 (GRAHN & STOREY, 2004).…”