Partículas coloidais, dispersão e agregação em latossolos

SUMMARYThe use of urban waste compost as nutrient source in agriculture has been a subject of investigation in Brazil and elsewhere, although the effects on soil physical and chemical properties and processes are still poorly known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of application of urban waste compost and mineral fertilizer on soil aggregate stability and organic carbon and total nitrogen content of a Rhodic Hapludox under no-tillage in the northwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 growing seasons. The experiment was arranged in a 2 × 6 (seasons and fertilization) factorial in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The factor time consisted of two growing seasons (sunflower in 2009/10 and maize in 2010/11) and the factor fertilization of five rates of urban waste compost (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 m 3 ha -1 ), and mineral fertilizer. Soil samples were collected from the 0.0-0.10 m layer to determine aggregate stability (mean weight and geometric diameter), soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN). Rates of up to 75 m 3 ha -1 of urban waste compost, after two years of application to no-tillage maize and sunflower, improved aggregation compared to mineral fertilization in a Rhodic Hapludox. After the second crop, the SOC and TN contents increased linearly with the levels of urban waste compost.Index terms: soil organic carbon, aggregate stability, total nitrogen, soil structure, organic manure.( A utilização de composto de lixo urbano como fonte de nutrientes para a agricultura vem sendo investigada; entretanto, as alterações físicas do solo ainda são pouco conhecidas. Objetivouse avaliar a influência do uso de composto de lixo urbano e da adubação mineral na estabilidade de agregados e nos teores de carbono orgânico e nitrogênio total de um Latossolo Vermelho, em sistema plantio direto na região noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 6 × 2 (adubação e épocas), com quatro repetições. O fator épocas de avaliação constituiu-se dos anos agrícolas de 2009/10 (girassol) e 2010/11 (milho). O fator adubação foi composto por cinco doses de composto de lixo urbano (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100 m 3 ha -1 ), além de um tratamento adicional com fertilização mineral. Na camada de 0,0-0,10 m, foram determinados a estabilidade de agregados (diâmetro médio geométrico e ponderado), os teores de carbono orgânico (CO) e o nitrogênio total (NT). A utilização de doses crescentes de composto de lixo urbano favoreceu melhorias na agregação do solo, em relação à fertilização mineral. A utilização de até 75 m 3 ha -1 de composto de lixo urbano, após dois anos de aplicações em cultivos agrícolas com milho e girassol em um Latossolo Vermelho, sob sistema plantio direto, promoveu melhorias na agregação do solo, quando comparada à fertilização mineral. O teor de CO e o de NT, após o segundo cultivo, apresentaram incrementos lineares, em relação às doses de composto de lixo urbano.Termos de indexação: carbono orgâ...

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Changes in a Rhodic Hapludox under no-tillage and urban waste compost in the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Moraes

Silva

Cherubin

et al. 2014

“…Despite reduction in OC content with increasing land use, it remained high in all the systems, contributing to soil aggregation. According to Azevedo & Bonumá (2004), linkages formed by organo-mineral complexes seem to be stronger than the electrostatic attractions that occur between the oxides and clays.…”

Section: Distribution Of Aggregatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humic Haplustox under different land uses in a high altitude environment in the Agreste region of Pernambuco, Brazil

Araújo

Ribeiro

Corrêa

et al. 2014

SUMMARYThe Garanhuns Plateau in the Agreste region of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil is characterized by humid climatic conditions due to orographic rains, unlike the surrounding semiarid region. These soils are subjected to intense agricultural use and are extremely important for the regional economy. This study was carried out in the municipality of Brejão in the Agreste region with the aim of assessing changes in humic Haplustox soils subjected to different land uses. Four plots with different vegetation covers (native forest, secondary shrubby vegetation (capoeira), traditional cropping system, and planted pasture) were selected, and samples were taken from a soil profile and four small pits surrounding it at each site. Physical and chemical properties were assessed, including aggregate stability, humic organic fractions, and a microbiological evaluation through determination of basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon, and metabolic quotient. The soils under study showed physical and chemical properties typical of a Haplustox, such as low nutrient content, low cation exchange capacity, and high levels of acidity and Al saturation. The total organic carbon (TOC) contents were high regardless of the type of land use. Aggregates < 2 mm were dominant in all the conditions under study. The TOC content was higher in the soil under capoeira, 43.91 g kg -1 on the surface, while 34.36 and 33.43 g kg -1 of TOC were observed in the first layer of forest and pasture soils, respectively. While the microbial biomass C (MBC) was greater than 700 mg kg -1 in the forest and pasture areas (in the 0-5 cm layer), and 588 mg kg -1 in the soil under capoeira, these numbers were not statistically different. In the cultivated soil area, there was a reduction of around 28 % in TOC and MBC contents. Agricultural activity contributed to degradation of the humic 1338 horizon, as can be seen from a significant decrease in the TOC and changes in the relative distribution of the humic fractions. In contrast, aggregate stability was not altered as a function of the different land uses; the soil under planted pasture and capoeira were similar to the soil under native forest. Humin was the most important humified fraction for C reserves, contributing over 40 % of the TOC in these soils.Index terms: land use, highland soils, humic substances, aggregate stability, microbial biomass C. RESUMO: LATOSSOLOS AMARELOS HÚMICOS SOB DIFERENTES TIPOS DE UTILIZAÇÃO EM UM AMBIENTE ALTIMONTANO NO AGRESTE DE PERNAMBUCOO Planalto de Garanhuns, no Agreste de Pernambuco, destaca-se por apresentar características climáticas privilegiadas, favorecidas pelas chuvas orográficas, distinguindose da região semiárida circundante. Essas áreas mais úmidas são conhecidas como "brejos de altitude" e intensamente utilizadas e importantes para a economia regional. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no município de Brejão, Agreste de Pernambuco, com o objetivo de identificar alterações nos atributos de Latossolos Amarelos Húmicos, submetidos às diferentes formas de uso do s...

“…Furthermore, the main agents that are responsible for aggregation are Al and Fe oxides and stable OM. Consequently, the microaggregates are affected by soil management practices (Tavares Filho, 1995;Soprano, 2002;Azevedo & Bonumá, 2004). Therefore, high soil Fe polymer concentrations must be considered when evaluating the structural stability of the soil due to the disaggregation resulting from mechanical soil tillage.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Soil Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural changes and degradation of Red Latosols under different management systems for 20 years

Filho

Melo

Machado

et al. 2014

SUMMARYSoils are the foundation of terrestrial ecosystems and their role in food production is fundamental, although physical degradation has been observed in recent years, caused by different cultural practices that modify structures and consequently the functioning of soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate possible structural changes and degradation in an Oxisol under different managements for 20 years: no-tillage cultivation with and without crop rotation, perennial crop and conventional tillage, plus a forested area (reference). Initially, the crop profile was described and subsequently, 10 samples per management system and forest soil were collected to quantify soil organic matter, flocculation degree, bulk density, and macroporosity. The results indicated structural changes down to a soil depth of 50 cm, with predominance of structural units ∆µ ∆µ ∆µ ∆µ ∆µ (intermediate compaction level) under perennial crop and no-tillage crop rotation, and of structural units ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ (compacted) under conventional tillage and no-tillage. The soil was increasingly degraded in the increasing order: forest => no-tillage crop rotation => perennial crop => no-tillage without crop rotation => conventional tillage. In all managements, the values of organic matter and macroporosity were always below and bulk density always above those of the reference area (forest) and, under no-tillage crop rotation and perennial crop, the flocculation degree was proportionally equal to that of the reference area.Index terms: crop profile, soil physical properties, organic matter, soil quality. RESUMO: MUDANÇAS ESTRUTURAIS E DEGRADAÇÃO DE ATRIBUTOS DE LATOSSOLO VERMELHO SUBMETIDO A DIFERENTES MANEJOS POR 20 ANOSO solo integra os ecossistemas terrestres e o papel dele na produção de alimentos é essencial, embora nos últimos anos tenha se constatado sua degradação física em razão das diferentes práticas culturais utilizadas que modificam sua estrutura e, consequentemente, seu funcionamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar possíveis mudanças estruturais, bem como a degradação de Latossolo Vermelho submetido a diferentes manejos por 20 anos. As avaliações foram realizadas em diferentes manejos: semeadura direta com e sem rotação de culturas; cultura perene; e preparo convencional, além de uma área de mata (referência). Inicialmente, fez-se a descrição do perfil cultural e, na sequência, coletaram-se 10 amostras de solo em cada manejo considerado e sob mata nativa para quantificar o teor de matéria orgânica, o grau de floculação, a densidade e a macroporosidade do solo. Os resultados indicaram mudanças estruturais até 50 cm de profundidade com predomínio de unidades estruturais ∆µ (nível intermediário de compactação) nos manejos cultura perene e semeadura direta com rotação de culturas e unidades estruturais ∆ (compactado), nos manejos preparo convencional e semeadura direta. A degradação do solo, da menor para a maior, ocorreu na seguinte ordem: Mata => semeadura direta com rotação de culturas => cultura perene => semeadura dir...