Immunohistochemical evaluation of CD25+ cell expression in the progression of periodontal disease

Abstract

It was assessed the immunohistochemical profile of CD25+ cells in cases of chronic gingivitis (CG) and chronic periodontitis (CP). Immunohistochemistry was carried out using streptoavidin-biotin complex and anti-CD25 antibody in 17 cases of CG and 25 cases of CP. Sixteen cases (94.1%) of CG were immunopositive. CD25 was focally expressed in 50% of the sample and diffusely expressed in 25%. The stained cells were localized not only beneath the epithelium, but also far from it. In relation to the cellular density quantification of CD25+ cells, score ++ was the most common. Concerning CP, all cases were immunopositive. CD25+ cells were expressed in focal or diffuse pattern either close or far from the epithelium. Diffuse distribution of positive cells throughout the connective tissue was seen in 60% of the cases and 32% showed focal or diffuse cellular pattern. Sixteen cases (64%) received score +++. It was identified that CD25+ cells are present in either a focal or a diffuse pattern in connective tissue. Significant differences in the density of cellular immunostaining between CG and CP were found. The greatest density was observed in CP cases, which suggests that the infiltrate of lymphocytes show a higher degree of cellular activation in periodontitis compared with gingivitis.

Immunoexpression of HIF-1α and VEGF in Periodontal Disease and Healthy Gingival Tissues

“…Periodontal disease is a complex inflammatory condition that affects the tooth-supporting tissues, as a result of infection with anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria. The immune response of the host to these bacteria can lead to progression of the disease and the consequent destruction of soft tissues and alveolar bone resorption (1,2). Several bacterial species express potent virulence factors, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which induce the release of host inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandins and interleukins (IL) that are involved in periodontal breakdown (3).…”

FOXP3+ and CD25+ cells are reduced in patients with stage IV, grade C periodontitis: A comparative clinical study

“…Several studies have been developed to analyse the presence and distribution of cells of the immune system following the old classification of periodontal disease from 1999, in order to clarify its immunological mechanisms that could help in the treatment plan, as well as to point out new therapies . Although some studies indicate that Tregs play a protective role against bone resorption in periodontal disease, probably by the downregulation of RANKL expression mediated by Th1 and Th17 cells in periodontitis, to date, notably, no study has focused on the comparative analysis of Treg immunomarkers (CD4/CD25/FOXP3) regarding the staging and grading of periodontitis, in an attempt to better understand the complex link between the immune system and periodontal bone tissue homeostasis …”

“…Regarding immune cells, while T cells predominate in the early and stable stages of periodontal disease, B cells are often observed in more advanced lesions with established bone destruction . Among T cells, several T helper subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17 and regulatory T cells [Tregs]) have been described in periodontal disease . Different from Th2 cytokines (IL‐4 and IL‐10), Th1 cytokines (IFN‐γ and IL‐12) have been associated with bone destruction.…”