Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC): alcohol and tobacco consumption versus non-consumption. A study in a Portuguese population

Abstract

There has been an increase in the incidence of carcinoma of the tongue, particularly among alcohol and tobacco non-users. However, the number of studies that would allow a better understanding of etiological factors and clinical features, particularly in the Portuguese population, is very limited. This study was based on patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior two thirds of the tongue that were treated at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery of the "Instituto Portugues de Oncologia de Lisboa - Francisco Gentil" (IPOLFG) in Lisbon, Portugal, between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2009. The patients were divided in alcohol and tobacco users and non-users in order to evaluate the differences between these 2 groups based on gender, age, tumor location, denture use, and tumor size, metastasis and stage. Of the 354 cases, 208 were users and 146 were non-users. The main location in both groups was the lateral border of the tongue. Denture use showed no significant effect in both study groups. It was possible to conclude that patients who did not drink or smoke were older and presented with smaller tumor size, lower incidence of ganglion metastasis and lower tumor stage compared with alcohol and tobacco users.

Clinical findings and risk factors associated with oral cancer: a prospective study

“…In today's time there are 4% to 13% of the cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma that affects subjects younger than 45 years of age. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] The most frequently affected site is tongue and it is seen generally amongst alcohol and tobacco users. 4,5 Squamous cell carcinoma of lower lip is generally seen amongst subjects with exposure to sunlight.…”

“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10] The most frequently affected site is tongue and it is seen generally amongst alcohol and tobacco users. 4,5 Squamous cell carcinoma of lower lip is generally seen amongst subjects with exposure to sunlight. 6 There has been differences in the etiological factors that are responsible for causing oral squamous cell carcinoma amongst young and elderly individuals as the young individuals are exposed to the risk factors like sunlight and tobacco for a short period of time.…”

Carcinoma of the Tongue: A Case-control Study on Etiologic Factors and Dental Trauma

“…Tobacco and alcohol have long been implicated in the etiology of tongue cancer in older adults (Schmidt et al, 2004;Sturgis et al, 2004;Vineis et al, 2004;Warnakulasuriya et al, 2009;Albuquerque et al, 2011). However, little is known about what the contribution of these same risk factors are in younger patients diagnosed with tongue cancer (Clark et al, 1992).…”

Evaluation of Aetiological Role of Misdirected Tooth in the Incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral Cavity

“…[7,8] According to a few recent studies, although the global incidence of OSCC has decreased, the incidence has increased among people less than 40 years of age. [6] One more study done by Warnakulasuriya S, et al; 2007 also reported increasing incidence of OSCC in patients under 45 years of age. [9] The incidence and progression of the oral cancer varies significantly according to the various cultural and lifestyle factors.…”

“…[5] The commonest site of involvement of the oral carcinoma is tongue (up to 50%) where lateral borders and anterior 2/3 rd are being commonly involved. [6] Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant tumour of the squamous lining of the oral cavity mucosa. The incidence of OSCC is high at around sixth and seventh decade of life and the risk is more in men compared to women.…”