Arginine and glutamate levels in the gingival crevicular fluid from patients with chronic periodontitis

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to determine arginine and glutamate levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of adult chronic periodontitis patients versus periodontally healthy controls, and to compare two kinds of microdialysis probes: normal and U-shaped probes. The analysis of GCF components was developed to improve the diagnosis of periodontal disease (PD). Proteolysis in the periodontal tissues increases the concentration of amino acids (aa) in the GCF and the levels of these aa may reveal PD features and stages. GCF samples were collected by microdialysis in situ from 5 periodontally affected sites (probing depth 5 mm, clinical attachment loss 3 mm) in 14 adult chronic periodontitis patients and from 14 adult periodontally healthy controls. Capillary zone electrophoresis coupled to laser induced fluorescence detection was used to measure concentration of arginine and glutamate in the GCF. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests (á=0.05). Arginine concentration was increased (p<0.001) and glutamate concentration was decreased (p<0.001) in chronic periodontitis patients as compared to controls. There were no significant differences (p=0.069) between the normal and U-shaped probes. In conclusion, the increase of arginine and decrease of glutamate concentration in GCF were associated to the presence of periodontitis, and might be used as markers to recognize periodontally susceptible subjects as well as to evaluate the treatment course.

History of Chronic Periodontitis Is a High Risk Indicator for Peri-Implant Disease

“…In periodontitis, the local inflammatory reaction to bacterial infection activates the innate immune system, resulting in the release of an array of cytokines and other mediators and propagation of inflammation through the gingival tissues (10,11). The failure to encapsulate this "inflammation front" within gingival tissue results in the expansion of the response to adjacent alveolar bone (10).…”

Studies on the Effects of Protamine-Reduced Peptide on Experimental Periodontitis Analyzed by Micro-Computerized Tomography

“…From the point of view of bone remodeling or bone regeneration, ROSs act on the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts [38][39][40] . Since NO is supplied by arginine, the arginine level in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with chronic periodontitis is much higher than from a periodontally healthy group 41) . In addition, it is reported that NOS inhibition prevents alveolar bone resorption 42) .…”

Risk Indicators for Implant Therapy on Periodontitis

“…Local immune response, which is determined by the interaction between molecules and cells, can promote greater protection or susceptibility to several inflammatory and infectious diseases such as peri-implant disease [24]. In periodontitis, a localized inflammatory response to bacterial infection activates the innate immune system, resulting in the release of a range of cytokines and other mediators and propagation of inflammation through the gingival tissues [41,42].…”