Amoxicillin is an antibiotic widely prescribed; its most frequent side effects are gastrointestinal disorders and hypersensitivity reactions. Over the last 10 years studies have been published which suggest that amoxicillin may cause dental alterations similar to dental fluorosis. Never the less, the results are not conclusive, this is why it was planned the need to make controlled studies on test animals. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect produced by amoxicillin prenatal administration on dental enamel in Wistar rats. Study Design: 12 pregnant adult rats were used distributed into five different groups: witness control (n=2) didn’t get any treatment; negative control (n=2) they were prescribed with saline solution; positive control (n=3) they were prescribed with tetracycline 130 mg/kg, and two groups (n=3 and n=2) treated with amoxicillin doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg respectively. The treatments were daily administered by mouth, from the 6th gestation day to the end of gestation. Twenty five days after they were born, the offspring were sacrificed with a sodium pentobarbital overdose, the mandible was dissected and the first lower molars were gotten. The samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and clinically and histologically observed to determine any enamel disorders. Results: hypomineralization was observed in every single sample of the tetracyclic and amoxicillin treated group 100 mg/kg, meanwhile only 50% from the group administered with 50 mg/kg amoxicillin showed this histological disorder. Conclusions: the side effect caused by amoxicillin on dental enamel was doses dependent. Key words:Amoxicillin, dental enamel, hypomineralization, Wistar rats.

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The objectives of this study were to determine arginine and glutamate levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of adult chronic periodontitis patients versus periodontally healthy controls, and to compare two kinds of microdialysis probes: normal and U-shaped probes. The analysis of GCF components was developed to improve the diagnosis of periodontal disease (PD). Proteolysis in the periodontal tissues increases the concentration of amino acids (aa) in the GCF and the levels of these aa may reveal PD features and stages. GCF samples were collected by microdialysis in situ from 5 periodontally affected sites (probing depth 5 mm, clinical attachment loss 3 mm) in 14 adult chronic periodontitis patients and from 14 adult periodontally healthy controls. Capillary zone electrophoresis coupled to laser induced fluorescence detection was used to measure concentration of arginine and glutamate in the GCF. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests (á=0.05). Arginine concentration was increased (p<0.001) and glutamate concentration was decreased (p<0.001) in chronic periodontitis patients as compared to controls. There were no significant differences (p=0.069) between the normal and U-shaped probes. In conclusion, the increase of arginine and decrease of glutamate concentration in GCF were associated to the presence of periodontitis, and might be used as markers to recognize periodontally susceptible subjects as well as to evaluate the treatment course.

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El uso de plaguicidas en regiones agrícolas constituye un problema de salud pública, debido a la exposición ocupacional directa de los agricultores y a la exposición no ocupacional, o indirecta de la población general. El objetivo fue describir los síntomas y signos por exposición directa e indirecta a plaguicidas en habitantes de Bailadores municipio Rivas Dávila estado Mérida, 2018. Metodología: investigación de tipo descriptiva y diseño transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por individuos de género masculino, 15 agricultores o Grupo Exposición Directa (GED) y 15 no dedicados a actividades agrícolas de la misma localidad, o Grupo Exposición Indirecta (GEI). Se utilizó un instrumento en el que se registraron los datos demográficos, síntomas dermatológicos, neurológicos, oculares, cardiorrespiratorios y digestivos; así como los resultados del examen físico de estos sistemas orgánicos. Resultados: la edad promedio fue 41,73 ± 15,85 años en el GED y 47,67 ± 12,77 años para el GEI. De los 22 síntomas referidos y 14 signos hallados en el examen físico de participantes de ambos grupos, solo hubo predominio significativo en el GED para el cansancio (p=0,035), la dermatitis (p=0,008) y el lagrimeo (p= 0,006). El hallazgo de síntomas y signos en ambos grupos de estudio sugiere que la exposición a plaguicidas, tanto directa como indirecta, tiene un impacto negativo en diferentes sistemas orgánicos de los habitantes del municipio de estudio; sin embargo, se requieren investigaciones con mayor número de participantes y la inclusión del género femenino y población pediátrica del municipio, para confirmar y ampliar estos resultados.